TANF Provisions in House Republicans’ Debt-Ceiling-and-Cuts Bill Would Harm Families and Deepen Poverty Among Children
End Notes
[1] LaDonna Pavetti et al., “TANF Provisions in McCarthy Bill Give States Incentives to Take Cash Benefits Away From Families With the Most Significant Needs,” Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, April 26, 2023, https://www.cbpp.org/research/income-security/tanf-provisions-in-mccarthy-bill-give-states-incentives-to-take-cash.
[2] Urban Institute, “Welfare Rules Database,” Table I.E.4, Maximum Income for Initial Eligibility for a Family of Three, July 2020, https://wrd.urban.org/wrd/Query/query.cfm.
[3] Gina Azito Thompson, Diana Azevedo-McCaffrey, and Da’Shon Carr, “Increases in TANF Cash Benefit Levels Are Critical to Help Families Meet Rising Costs,” Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, February 3, 2023, https://www.cbpp.org/research/income-security/increases-in-tanf-cash-benefit-levels-are-critical-to-help-families-meet-0.
[4] Greg Duncan and Katherine Magnuson, “The Long Reach of Childhood Poverty,” Center on the Developing Child from Harvard University, December 2011, https://inequality.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/media/_media/pdf/pathways/winter_2011/PathwaysWinter11_Duncan.pdf.
[5] Melissa Ford Shah et al., “Predicting Homelessness among Low-Income Parents on TANF,” prepared for the Vulnerable Families Partnership, August 2015, https://www.dshs.wa.gov/sites/default/files/rda/reports/research-11-224.pdf; Ali Zane, Cindy Reyes, and LaDonna Pavetti, “TANF Can Be a Critical Tool to Address Family Housing Instability and Homelessness,” Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, July 19, 2022, https://www.cbpp.org/research/family-income-support/tanf-can-be-a-critical-tool-to-address-family-housing-instability.
[6] H. Luke Shaefer et al., “The Decline of Cash Assistance and the Well-Being of Poor Households with Children,” Social Forces, Vol. 98, No. 3, March 19, 2019, https://academic.oup.com/sf/article-abstract/98/3/1000/5393223.
[7] Clare Anderson et al., “Family and child well-being system: Economic and concrete supports as a core component,” Chapin Hall at the University of Chicago, March 2023, https://www.chapinhall.org/wp-content/uploads/Economic-Supports-deck.pdf.
[8] Aditi Shrivastava and Urvi Patel, “Research Reinforces: Providing Cash to Families in Poverty Reduces Risk of Family Involvement in Child Welfare,” May 1, 2023, Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, https://www.cbpp.org/research/income-security/research-reinforces-providing-cash-to-families-in-poverty-reduces-risk-of.
[9] Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, “TANF and Domestic Violence: Cash Assistance Matters to Survivors,” https://www.cbpp.org/research/family-income-support/tanf-and-domestic-violence-cash-assistance-matters-to-survivors.
[10] Rebecca M. Loya, “Rape as an Economic Crime: The Impact of Sexual Violence on Survivors’ Employment and Economic Well-Being,” Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 30, No. 16, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0886260514554291?journalCode=jiva.
[11] Linda Olsen, Chiquita Rollins, and Kris Billhardt, “The Intersection of Domestic Violence and Homelessness,” Washington State Coalition Against Domestic Violence and the Volunteers of American Home Free Program, June 2013, https://nnedv.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Library_TH_2018_Intersection_DV_Homelessness.pdf.
[12] Timothy Casey et al., “Not Enough: What TANF Offers Family Violence Victims,” Legal Momentum: The Women’s Legal Defense and Education Fund and National Resource Center on Domestic Violence, March 2010, https://www.legalmomentum.org/sites/default/files/reports/not-enough-what-tanf-offers.pdf#:~:text=Not%20Enough%3A%20What%20TANF%20Offers%20Family%20Violence%20Victims,to%20regroup%2C%20get%20counseling%2C%20find%20employment%2C%20and%20housing.
[13] Office of Family Assistance, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, “State Work Participation Rates – Fiscal Year 2021,” Table 9, Families with a Domestic Violence Exemption, https://www.acf.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/documents/ofa/wpr2021table09.pdf; Richard M. Tolman and Jody Raphael, “A Review of Research on Welfare and Domestic Violence,” Journal of Social Issues, Vol. 56, No. 4, December 17, 2002, https://spssi.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/0022-4537.00190.
[14] Carrie Masten, Joan Lombardi, and Philip Fisher, “Helping Families Meet Basic Needs Enables Parents to Promote Children’s Health Growth, Development,” Center on Budget and Policy Priorities and RAPID-EC, October 28, 2021, https://www.cbpp.org/research/poverty-and-inequality/helping-families-meet-basic-needs-enables-parents-to-promote#:~:text=When%20adversity%20during%20early%20life%20is%20frequent%2C%20prolonged%2C,the%20developing%20brain%20and%20related%20biological%20systems.%20; Center on the Developing Child, Harvard University, “Health and Learning Are Deeply Interconnected in the Body: An Action Guide for Policymakers,” https://harvardcenter.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/2020_WP15_actionguide_FINAL.pdf.
[15] Mary Beth Vogel-Ferguson, “Family Employment Program (FEP) Redesign Study of Utah 2014: Final Report,” Social Research Institute, College of Social Work, University of Utah, September 2015, https://socialwork.utah.edu/research/reports/posts/family-employment-final-report-2014.pdf; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACES),” August 23, 2021, https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/aces/index.html.
[16] Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, “End Diaper Need and Period Poverty: Families Need Cash Assistance to Meet Basic Needs,” September 27, 2021, https://www.cbpp.org/research/family-income-support/end-diaper-need-and-period-poverty-families-need-cash-assistance-to; Joanne Samuel Goldblum, “America’s Unspoken Hygiene Crisis,” Century Foundation, July 16, 2021, https://tcf.org/content/commentary/americas-unspoken-hygiene-crisis/?agreed=1.
[17] Linda Carroll, “Even in the U.S., Poor Women Often Can’t Afford Tampons, Pads,” Reuters, January 10, 2019, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-menstruation-usa/even-in-the-u-s-poor-women-often-cant-afford-tampons-pads-idUSKCN1P42TX; Homecare Delivered, ”Medicaid and Incontinence Supplies,” https://www.hcd.com/need-medical-supplies/medicaid-incontinence-supplies/.