New Data on Hardship Underscore Continued Need for Substantial COVID Relief
End Notes
[1] Sarah Jane Schwarzenberg and Michael K. Georgieff, “Advocacy for Improving Nutrition in the First 1000 Days to Support Childhood Development and Adult Health,” Pediatrics, Vol. 141, No. 2, February 2018, https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/141/2/e20173716; Hilary Hoynes, Diane Whitmore Schanzenbach, and Douglas Almond, “Long-Run Impacts of Childhood Access to the Safety Net,” American Economic Review, Vol. 106, No. 4, April 2016. An earlier version of the paper is at http://www.nber.org/papers/w18535.
[2] Priya Shankar, Rainjade Chung, and Deborah A. Frank, “Association of Food Insecurity with Children's Behavioral, Emotional, and Academic Outcomes: A Systematic Review,” Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, Vol. 38, No. 2, February/March 2017, https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/wk/dbp/2017/00000038/00000002/art00009; Larry L. Howard, “Does food insecurity at home affect non-cognitive performance at school? A longitudinal analysis of elementary student classroom behavior,” Economics of Education Review, Vol. 30, No. 1, February 2011, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0272775710001093.
[3] Meredith Hickson et al., “Feeding Our Human Capital: Food Insecurity and Tomorrow’s Workforce,” Children's HealthWatch, September 3, 2013, https://www.childrenshealthwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/FeedingHumanCapital_report.pdf.
[4] Ajay Chaudry and Christopher Wimer, “Poverty is Not Just an Indicator: The Relationship Between Income, Poverty, and Child Well-Being,” Academic Pediatrics, Vol. 16, No. 3S, April 2016, https://www.academicpedsjnl.net/article/S1876-2859(15)00383-6/fulltext; Elizabeth T. Gershoff et al., “Income Is Not Enough: Incorporating Material Hardship Into Models of Income Associations With Parenting and Child Development,” Child Development, Vol. 78, No. 1, January/February 2007, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2835994/; Joan P. Yoo, Kristen S. Slack, and Jane L. Holl, “Material Hardship and the Physical Health of School-Aged Children in Low-Income Households,” American Journal of Public Health, Vol. 99, No. 5, May 2009, https://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/pdfplus/10.2105/AJPH.2007.119776; and Afshin Zilanawala and Natasha V. Pilkauskas, “Material hardship and child socioemotional behaviors: Differences by types of hardship, timing, and duration,” Children and Youth Services Review, Vol. 34, No. 4, April 2012, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0190740912000230.
[5] Arloc Sherman and Tazra Mitchell, “Economic Security Programs Help Low-Income Children Succeed Over Long Term, Many Studies Find,” CBPP, July 17, 2017, https://www.cbpp.org/research/poverty-and-inequality/economic-security-programs-help-low-income-children-succeed-over.
[6] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “Federal Register Notice: Temporary Halt in Residential Evictions to Prevent the Further Spread of COVID-19,” updated October 9, 2020, https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/covid-eviction-declaration.html.
[7] Eviction Lab, data as of November 28, 2020, https://evictionlab.org/eviction-tracking/.
[8] Davin Reed and Eileen Divringi, “Household Rental Debt During COVID-19,” Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, October 2020, https://www.philadelphiafed.org/community-development/publications/special-reports/household-rental-debt-during-covid-19.
[9] Peggy Bailey and Douglas Rice, “Pandemic Relief Must Include Comprehensive Housing Assistance for People Experiencing the Most Severe Hardship,” CBPP, July 27, 2020, https://www.cbpp.org/research/housing/pandemic-relief-must-include-comprehensive-housing-assistance-for-people; Douglas Rice, “More Funds Needed to Avert Housing Voucher Cuts as COVID-Related Job Losses Increase Costs,” CBPP, November 24, 2020, https://www.cbpp.org/research/housing/more-funds-needed-to-avert-housing-voucher-cuts-as-covid-related-job-losses.
[10] National Conference of State Legislatures, “State Actions on Coronavirus Relief Funds,” November 23, 2020, https://www.ncsl.org/research/fiscal-policy/state-actions-on-coronavirus-relief-funds.aspx.
[11] National Governors Association, “Nearly 90% of Coronavirus Relief Funds Already Allocated,” October 20, 2020, https://www.nga.org/advocacy-communications/nearly-90-of-coronavirus-relief-funds-already-allocated/.
[12] Michael Leachman, “Good Reasons Why States Haven’t Yet Spent All Coronavirus Relief Funds,” CBPP, June 25, 2020, https://www.cbpp.org/blog/good-reasons-why-states-havent-yet-spent-all-coronavirus-relief-funds.
[13] Michael Leachman and Elizabeth McNichol, “Pandemic’s Impact on State Revenues Less Than Earlier Expected But Still Severe,” CBPP, October 30, 2020, https://www.cbpp.org/research/state-budget-and-tax/pandemics-impact-on-state-revenues-less-than-earlier-expected-but.