Needs of Younger Generations Argue for Further Fiscal Relief and Stimulus
End Notes
[1] Chad Stone, “Jobs Recovery Stalled in December, Highlighting Importance of Further Relief and Stimulus Measures,” CBPP, updated January 12, 2021, https://www.cbpp.org/research/economy/jobs-recovery-stalled-in-december-highlighting-importance-of-further-relief-and.
[2] Paul N. Van de Water, “Federal Interest Payments — the Cost of Debt — Are Low,” CBPP, January 15, 2021, https://www.cbpp.org/blog/federal-interest-payments-the-cost-of-debt-are-low.
[3] Nathaniel Hendren and Ben Sprung-Keyser, “A United Welfare Analysis of Government Policies,” Opportunity Insights, February 2020, https://opportunityinsights.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Welfare_paper.pdf.
[4] Census Bureau, “Household Pulse Survey Table 1. Experienced and Expected Loss of Employment Income by Select Characteristics,” January 6, 2021, https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/household-pulse-survey/data.html.
[5] CBPP analysis of Bureau of Labor Statistics data.
[6] Elise Gould and Melat Kassa, “Young workers hit hard by the COVID-19 economy,” Economic Policy Institute, October 14, 2020, https://www.epi.org/publication/young-workers-covid-recession/.
[7] Till von Wachter and Hannes Schwandt, “Unlucky Cohorts: Estimating the Long-term Effects of Entering the Labor Market in a Recession in Large Cross-sectional Data Sets,” Journal of Labor Economics, Vo. 37, No. S1, January 2019, https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/701046; and Philip Oreopoulos, Till von Wachter, and Andrew Heisz, “The Short- and Long-Term Career Effects of Graduating in a Recession,” American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, Vol. 4, No. 1, January 2012, https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/app.4.1.1.
[8] CBPP, “Tracking the COVID-19 Recession’s Effects on Food, Housing, and Employment Hardships,” updated January 21, 2021, https://www.cbpp.org/research/poverty-and-inequality/tracking-the-covid-19-recessions-effects-on-food-housing-and.
[9] Arloc Sherman and Tazra Mitchell, “Economic Security Programs Help Low-Income Children Succeed Over Long Term, Many Studies Find,” CBPP, July 17, 2017, https://www.cbpp.org/research/poverty-and-inequality/economic-security-programs-help-low-income-children-succeed-over.
[10] National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, “A Roadmap to Reducing Child Poverty,” National Academies Press, 2019, https://www.nap.edu/read/25246; and Kerris Cooper and Kitty Stewart, “Does money affect children’s outcomes?” Joseph Rowntree Foundation, October 22, 2013, https://www.jrf.org.uk/report/does-money-affect-children%E2%80%99s-outcomes.
[11] Mai Dao and Prakash Loungani, “The Human Cost of Recessions: Assessing It, Reducing It,” International Monetary Fund, November 11, 2010, https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/IMF-Staff-Position-Notes/Issues/2016/12/31/The-Human-Cost-of-Recessions-Assessing-It-Reducing-It-24221.
[12] Poverty is measured using the Supplemental Poverty Measure. Zachary Parolin et al., “Monthly Poverty Rates in the United States during the COVID-19 Pandemic,” Columbia University, October 15, 2020, https://www.povertycenter.columbia.edu/news-internal/2020/covid-projecting-monthly-poverty; and Jason DeParle, “8 Million Have Slipped Into Poverty Since May as Federal Aid Has Dried Up,” New York Times, October 15, 2020, https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/15/us/politics/federal-aid-poverty-levels.html.
[13] Michael Leachman, “States, Localities, Tribal Nations, Territories Need More Federal Aid,” CBPP, January 22, 2021, https://www.cbpp.org/research/state-budget-and-tax/states-localities-tribal-nations-territories-need-more-federal-aid.
[14] CBPP analysis of Bureau of Labor Statistics data released January 8, 2021.
[15] Nicholas Johnson, “The Great Recession Badly Hurt Kids’ Schooling; Today’s Recession Could Do Much Worse,” CBPP, May 27, 2020, https://www.cbpp.org/blog/the-great-recession-badly-hurt-kids-schooling-todays-recession-could-do-much-worse.
[16] Cortney Sanders, “Protecting Against Separate and Unequal K-12 Funding Amid COVID-19,” CBPP, May 15, 2020, https://www.cbpp.org/blog/protecting-against-separate-and-unequal-k-12-funding-amid-covid-19.
[17] Ibid.
[18] CBS News, “Full Transcript: Fed Chair Jerome Powell’s 60 Minutes interview on economic recovery from the coronavirus pandemic,” May 17, 2020, https://www.cbsnews.com/news/full-transcript-fed-chair-jerome-powell-60-minutes-interview-economic-recovery-from-coronavirus-pandemic/.
[19] Senate Finance Committee, “Hearing to Consider the Anticipated Nomination of the Honorable Janet L. Yellen to Secretary of the Treasury,” January 19, 2021, https://www.finance.senate.gov/hearings/hearing-to-consider-the-anticipated-nomination-of-to-be-the-honorable-janet-l-yellen-to-secretary-of-the-treasury.