Commentary: Administration Can’t Justify Re-Approving Waiver Taking Coverage Away from Kentuckians
End Notes
[1] Robert Pear, “A Judge Blocked a Medicaid Work Requirement. The White House Is Undeterred,” New York Times, August 11, 2018, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/11/us/politics/medicaid-work-requirement.html.
[2] Judith Solomon, “Kentucky Waiver Will Harm Medicaid Beneficiaries,” Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, January 16, 2018, https://www.cbpp.org/research/health/kentucky-waiver-will-harm-medicaid-beneficiaries.
[3] Pear, 2018.
[4] Memorandum Opinion, Stewart v. Azar, United States District Court for the District of Columbia, Civil Action No. 18-152 (JEB), June 29, 2018.
[5] Jennifer Wagner, “Eligible Arkansas Medicaid Beneficiaries Still Struggling to Meet Rigid Work Requirements,” Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, August 21, 2018, https://www.cbpp.org/blog/eligible-arkansas-medicaid-beneficiaries-still-struggling-to-meet-rigid-work-requirements.
[6] Joseph A. Benitez, E. Kathleen Adams, and Eric E. Seiber, “Did Health Care Reform Help Kentucky Address Disparities in Coverage and Access to Care among the Poor?” Health Services Research, June 2018, abstract at https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1475-6773.12699.
[7] Benjamin D. Sommers, et al., “Three-Year Impacts of the Affordable Care Act: Improved Medical Care and Health Among Low-Income Adults,” Health Affairs¸ June 2017, https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/10.1377/hlthaff.2017.0293.
[8] Aviva Aron-Dine, “Eligibility Restrictions in Recent Medicaid Waivers Would Cause Many Thousands of People to Become Uninsured,” Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, August 9, 2018, https://www.cbpp.org/research/health/eligibility-restrictions-in-recent-medicaid-waivers-would-cause-many-thousands-of.
[9] Anuj Gangopadhyaya and Genevieve M. Kenney, “Updated: Who Could Be Affected by Kentucky’s Medicaid Work Requirements, and What Do We Know About Them?” Urban Institute, March 2018, https://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/96576/3.26-ky-updates_finalized_1.pdf.
[10] Hannah Katch, Jennifer Wagner, and Aviva Aron-Dine, “Taking Medicaid Coverage Away From People Not Meeting Work Requirements Will Reduce Low-Income Families’ Access to Care and Worsen Health Outcomes,” Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, updated August 13, 2018, https://www.cbpp.org/research/health/taking-medicaid-coverage-away-from-people-not-meeting-work-requirements-will-reduce.
[11] Richard G. Frank, “Medicaid Work Requirements Will Reduce Care for Mentally Ill,” The Hill, February 3, 2018, http://thehill.com/opinion/healthcare/372181-medicaid-work-requirements-will-reduce-care-for-mentally-ill.
[12] Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, “Harm to People With Substance Use Disorders From Taking Away Medicaid for Not Meeting Work Requirements,” updated May 9, 2018, https://www.cbpp.org/research/health/harm-to-people-with-substance-use-disorders-from-taking-away-medicaid-for-not.
[13] Anuj Gangopadhyaya et al., “Kentucky Medicaid Work Requirements: What Are the Coverage Risks for Working Enrollees?” Urban Institute, August 2018, https://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/98893/2001948_kentucky-medicaid-work-requirements-what-are-the-coverage-risks-for-working-enrollees_1.pdf.
[14] Samantha Artiga, Petry Ubri, and Julia Zur, “The Effects of Premiums and Cost-Sharing on Low-Income Populations: Updated Review of Research Findings,” Kaiser Family Foundation, June 2017, http://files.kff.org/attachment/Issue-Brief-The-Effects-of-Premiums-and-Cost-Sharing-on-Low-Income-Populations.
[15] The Lewin Group, “Indiana Healthy Indiana Plan 2.0: Interim Evaluation Report,” July 6, 2016, https://www.medicaid.gov/Medicaid-CHIP-Program-Information/By-Topics/Waivers/1115/downloads/in/Healthy-Indiana-Plan-2/in-healthy-indiana-plan-support-20-interim-evl-rpt-07062016.pdf.
[16] See Benjamin Hardy, “Scrubbed from the system: Why Medicaid enrollment has dropped by almost 60,000 people in 18 months,” Arkansas Times, August 9, 2018, https://www.arktimes.com/arkansas/scrubbed-from-the-system/Content?oid=21285998.
[17] See LaDonna Pavetti, “Work Requirements Don’t Work,” Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, January 10, 2018, https://www.cbpp.org/blog/work-requirements-dont-work; LaDonna Pavetti, “Work Requirements Don’t Cut Poverty, Evidence Shows,” Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, updated June 7, 2016, https://www.cbpp.org/research/poverty-and-inequality/work-requirements-dont-cut-poverty-evidence-shows; and LaDonna Pavetti, “Evidence Doesn’t Support Claims of Success of TANF Work Requirements,” Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, April 3, 2018, https://www.cbpp.org/research/family-income-support/evidence-doesnt-support-claims-of-success-of-tanf-work-requirements. See also Ed Dolan, “Do We Really Want Expanded Work Requirements in Non-Cash Welfare Programs?” Niskanen Center, July 23, 2018, https://niskanencenter.org/blog/expanded-work-requirements-in-non-cash-welfare-programs/.
[18] Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services letter to state Medicaid directors (18-002), January 11, 2018, https://www.medicaid.gov/federal-policy-guidance/downloads/smd18002.pdf.
[19] Bureau of Labor Statistics, Healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates, https://www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/benefits/2017/ownership/civilian/table09a.htm.
[20] Michelle Long et al., “Trends in Employer-Sponsored Insurance Offer and Coverage Rates, 1999-2014,” Kaiser Family Foundation, March 21, 2016, https://www.kff.org/private-insurance/issue-brief/trends-in-employer-sponsored-insurance-offer-and-coverage-rates-1999-2014/.
[21] CBPP calculations from Current Population Survey data for 2016.
[22] Larisa Antonisse and Rachel Garfield, “The Relationship Between Work and Health: Findings from a Literature Review,” Kaiser Family Foundation, August 2018, https://www.kff.org/medicaid/issue-brief/the-relationship-between-work-and-health-findings-from-a-literature-review/.
[23] Raj Chetty et al., “The Association Between Income and Life Expectancy in the United States, 2001-2014: Executive Summary,” April 2016, http://www.equality-of-opportunity.org/assets/documents/healthineq_summary.pdf; see also Raj Chetty et al., “The Association Between Income and Life Expectancy in the United States, 2001-2014,” Journal of the American Medical Association, May 13, 2016, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4866586/.
[24] Brief for Deans, Chairs and Scholars as Amici Curiae in Support of Plaintiffs, Stewart v. Azar, United States District Court for the District of Columbia, Civil Action No. 1:18-cv-152 (JEB), April 6, 2018.
[25] See Sommers et al., op. cit.; Antonisse et al., op. cit.; Olena Mazurenko et al., “The Effects of Medicaid Expansion Under the ACA: A Systematic Review,” Health Affairs, June 2018, https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/10.1377/hlthaff.2017.1491; and Hefei Wen, Benjamin Druss, and Janet Cummings, “Effect of Medicaid Expansions on Health Insurance Coverage and Access to Care Among Low-Income Adults with Behavioral Health Conditions,” Health Services Research, December 2015, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4693853/.
[26] “2018 Ohio Medicaid Group VIII Assessment, Executive Summary,” Ohio Department of Medicaid, August 2018, http://medicaid.ohio.gov/Portals/0/Resources/Reports/Annual/Group-VIII-Executive-Summary.pdf; see also Kara Gavin, “Medicaid Expansion Helped Enrollees Do Better at Work or in Job Searches,” University of Michigan Health Lab, June 27, 2017, http://labblog.uofmhealth.org/industry-dx/medicaid-expansion-helped-enrollees-do-better-at-work-or-job-searches.