Revised June 13, 2006
NEW JOINT TAX COMMITTEE ESTIMATES SHOW MODIFIED
KYL PROPOSAL STILL VERY COSTLY:
True Cost Partially Masked
By Joel Friedman and Aviva Aron-Dine
On June 8, the Senate rejected, by a vote of
57-41, a motion to consider permanent repeal of the estate tax (under Senate
rules, the measure required 60 votes to pass). During the lead-up to the
vote, Senator Jon Kyl floated a modification of his longstanding “compromise”
proposal to repeal most but not quite all of the estate tax. His hope,
apparently, was to persuade a sufficient number of Senators who oppose repeal
that his proposal could now serve as a reasonable compromise solution.
But new Joint Committee on Taxation estimates
(which are attached) indicate that Senator Kyl’s modified proposal differs
little in cost from the original version.
- The new variant of the Kyl proposal costs
nearly as much as the earlier Kyl proposal — and about three-quarters as much
as full repeal over the long term.
- Moreover, the new Joint Tax Committee
estimate understates the cost of the estate tax policy that Senator Kyl
actually seeks to implement, because what amounts to a gimmick in the design
of the plan compels the Joint Tax Committee to make an assumption that lowers
the cost estimate.
- Taking this into account, the new variant of
the Kyl proposal would likely cost about 80 percent as much as full repeal —
or about $800 billion over the first ten years in which its budgetary effects
would be fully felt (2012-2021), including the costs of the increased interest
payments that would have to be made on the national debt.
Modified Proposal Little Different than Original
Senator Kyl is a staunch advocate of
estate-tax repeal, but has recently acknowledged that repeal supporters “do not
have the votes” in the Senate for permanent repeal and that their “position is
eroding,” as was confirmed by this week’s vote.
Given this situation, he has for several months been promoting a “compromise”
position: an estate tax with a $5 million exemption ($10 million per
couple) and a 15 percent rate. According to Joint Committee on Taxation
estimates, this proposal would cost 84 percent as much as repeal. Over the
2012-2021 period, the first decade in which the proposal’s costs are fully
reflected in the estimates, it would reduce revenues by about $680 billion.
Because Senator Kyl has not proposed to offset these revenue losses, they will
result in higher deficits and debt, generating $180 billion in higher interest
costs over the period for a total ten-year cost of $860 billion.
Due to the proposal’s high cost, most have
recognized it as little different than repeal.
In an attempt to generate more support for his proposal and to portray it as a
reasonable compromise, Senator Kyl has suggested several modifications. The new
version of the proposal calls for an estate tax with a $5 million ($10 million
per couple) exemption, indexed for inflation, and a rate linked to the capital
gains rate — now 15 percent — for the taxable value of an estate up to $30
million. The proposal would then apply a rate of 30 percent to the taxable
value of an estate above $30 million. It also would eliminate the deduction for
state estate taxes paid, thereby raising a small amount of additional revenue at
the expense of states.
The Joint Committee on Taxation estimates
show that with these changes, Senator Kyl’s proposal would lose $60 billion in
revenue in 2016, or 74 percent of the revenue that the Joint Tax Committee
projects would be lost by estate tax repeal in that year.
The Joint Committee’s estimate similarly shows the new proposal losing 74
percent as much as full repeal over the 2012-2016 period, which constitutes the
first five-year period in which the proposal’s budgetary effects would be fully
felt. The addition of the new 30 percent tax bracket for estates over $30
million thus does little to mitigate the high cost of Senator Kyl’s original
proposal (see Figure 1).
Joint Tax Committee Estimates
Assume 20 Percent Rate,
Not 15 Percent, for Kyl
Proposal
Moreover, while this cost estimate reflects
Senator Kyl’s intended exemption level and his elimination of the state estate
tax deduction, it does not reflect the permanent 15 percent rate that Senator
Kyl seeks for the taxable value of an estate below $30 million. In
preparing its cost estimates, the Joint Committee on Taxation must assume
current law, under which the 15 percent tax rate on capital gains is slated to
revert to 20 percent at the end of 2010, one year after Senator Kyl’s proposal
would take effect.
Yet if, as the White House, the Congressional
Republican Leadership, and Senator Kyl all intend, the 15 percent capital gains
rate is extended, the cost of the new Kyl proposal would be greater than the
Joint Tax Committee estimates show. Urban Institute-Brookings Institution Tax
Policy Center estimates indicate that the cost would reach about 80 percent of
the cost of repeal over the long term, which means more than $600 billion in
revenue losses from 2012-2021, the first ten-year period in which the proposal’s
full budgetary effects would be felt.
The total cost would be about $800 billion over the 2012-2021 period once the
cost of the increased interest payments on the debt are included, as they should
be in assessing the proposal’s impact on deficits and debt. This is the period
in which the baby boomers will be retiring in large numbers and federal health
care and retirement costs will rise.
End Notes:
Susan Cornwell, “Republican Says Compromise Likely on Estate Tax,” Reuters,
May 2, 2006.
For a discussion of the original Kyl proposal, see Joel Friedman, “Estate
Tax “Compromise” With 15 Percent Rate Is Little Different Than Permanent
Repeal,” Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, June 2, 2006.
Elizabeth McNichol, “Estate Tax ‘Compromise’ Proposals May Endanger State
Estate and Inheritance Taxes,” Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, June
8, 2006.
According to the most recent Joint Tax Committee estimates (see Appendix),
Senator Kyl’s proposal would cost $275 billion from 2007-2016, some 71
percent of the $387 billion cost of full repeal over this period. (This new
estimate of the cost of repeal is slightly higher than the previous Joint
Tax Committee estimate from earlier this year.) From 2012-2016 — the years
that reflect the ongoing long-term cost of the proposal — the cost is 74
percent of full repeal. The 74 percent figure is the relevant one, since
2012-2016 are the relevant years for the cost comparison.
The years before
2012 are not relevant for assessing the ongoing fiscal impact of the
proposal. Under the Kyl plan, current law would remain unchanged in the
years through 2009. And in 2010, the new Kyl proposal would take effect in
place of repeal, which otherwise would occur for one year sunder current
law. As a result, the revenue loss relative to current law in 2010 and
2011, the years in which the one-year repeal would reduce estate tax
revenues, would be limited. The cost of the new Kyl proposal, relative to
the cost of extending repeal, is anomalously low in the years before 2012
for this reason. The long-term budgetary effect of the proposal first shows
up in 2012.
The Tax Policy Center estimated the cost of Senator Kyl’s new proposal,
assuming that the 15 percent rate would remain in effect, and found it would
cost 96 percent as much as much as the original Kyl proposal. As explained
above, the Joint Committee on Taxation’s estimates show the original
proposal would cost 84 percent as much as repeal, which implies that the
modified proposal would still cost around 80 percent of repeal.
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