Reports by Robert Greenstein
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Last-Minute Addition To Tax Package Would Make Health Savings Accounts More Attractive As Tax Shelters For High-Income Individuals
Revised December 7, 2006
As part of the last-minute deal making today on the “tax extenders” package, House and Senate negotiators have agreed to include an expansion of Health Savings Accounts that would make these accounts more lucrative as tax shelters for high-income individuals. The HSA expansion is identical to legislation (H.R. 6134) … -
Survey Indicates House Bill Could Deny Voting Rights to Millions of U.S. Citizens
September 22, 2006
On September 20 the House passed a bill (H.R. 4844) that would, starting in 2010, effectively deny the vote to any U.S. citizen who cannot produce a passport or birth certificate (or proof of naturalization). Although the bill’s supporters present it as a measure intended to prevent non-citizens from voting, the … -
GAO Study Confirms Health Savings Accounts Primarily Benefit High-Income Individuals
September 20, 2006
A groundbreaking new study by the Government Accountability Office (GAO) demonstrates that Health Savings Accounts (HSAs) — tax-favored savings accounts attached to high-deductible health insurance plans established under the 2003 Medicare drug law — are heavily skewed toward affluent individuals. The GAO findings also … -
CBO Analysis Finds Increased Revenues Would Offset Increased Entitlement Costs under Senate Immigration Bill
September 15, 2006
The immigration bill passed by the U.S. Senate would affect the federal budget by increasing both the number of legal immigrants qualifying for federal entitlement programs and the number of immigrants filing tax returns and paying income and payroll taxes. On August 18, the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) issued a new … -
How to Assess the Census Income and Poverty Numbers
August 28, 2006
Today, the Census Bureau will release findings regarding household income and poverty for 2005. It is possible these figures will show that median income increased in 2005 and poverty declined; that is the typical pattern for years well into an economic recovery. And if this is the case, Administration officials likely will hail the figures as good … -
Gregg Bill Would Make Far-Reaching Changes In Budget Rules
Revised August 9, 2006
Executive Summary Sweeping legislation to radically alter federal budget procedures, designed by Senate Budget Committee chairman Judd Gregg and endorsed by Senate Majority Leader Bill Frist, was adopted by the Budget Committee on June 20. The bill may be brought to the Senate floor this summer (either as a single piece of … -
Combined Effect of Senate Proposals Would Be To Finance Near-Repeal of the Estate Tax with Cuts in Medicare, Veterans Benefits, School Lunches, and Other Programs
August 9, 2006
At the urging of Senate Republican leader Bill Frist, the Senate last week considered a House-passed proposal to repeal most but not all of the estate tax. The measure contains no “offsets”; its large cost would be financed through higher deficits. In June, the Senate Budget Committee approved a far-reaching bill to make major changes in … -
Putting Their Cards on the Table: Senate Budget Bill Indicates Intention to Pay for Tax Cuts by Sweeping Cuts in Programs for Middle- and Low-Income Households
August 2, 2006
The tax cuts enacted since 2001 have been financed through borrowing — that is, through higher deficits. The sharp estate-tax cut that was approved by the House of Representatives on July 29 and is about to be considered in the Senate would be deficit financed, as well. A new Treasury Department analysis issued on July 25 acknowledges, … -
Pension Conference Agreement Makes Retirement Tax Cuts Permanent But Fails To Offset Their Cost
Revised July 31, 2006
The conference agreement on pension legislation would make permanent provisions enacted in the 2001 tax-cut law to expand tax-preferred retirement and education savings accounts. The conference agreement makes these tax cuts permanent without offsetting their cost. According to Joint Committee on Taxation estimates, making these tax cuts permanent would cost $52.6 billion between 2007 and … -
Statement Robert Greenstein on Pension Conference Agreement
Revised July 31, 2006
The pension conference agreement announced today includes the permanent extension of provisions enacted in 2001 that expand tax-preferred retirement and education savings accounts. But the conference agreement includes no offsets to pay for the cost of these tax cuts. It uses deficit … -
Pension Bill Conference Report May Make Some 2001 Tax Cuts Permanent without Offsetting Their Costs
July 17, 2006
Pension legislation passed by the House late last year included provisions that would make permanent the higher contribution limits for tax-preferred retirement savings accounts enacted in 2001. The pension bill conferees reportedly are considering including these provisions in the pension bill conference report, without offsetting their cost. … -
Saver's Credit For Moderate-Income Families Would Fade Away Over Time Under House-Passed Pension Bill
Revised July 17, 2006
The saver’s credit — the only retirement tax cut enacted in 2001 aimed at people with incomes under $50,000 — is scheduled to expire at the end of this year. The House proposed a permanent extension of the saver’s credit as part of its pension bill, and both the House and Senate proposed shorter-term extensions of the saver’s credit as part of their original … -
Discretionary Caps in Gregg Bill Would Lead To Overly Deep Cuts
Revised July 7, 2006
Senate Budget Committee Chairman Judd Gregg (R-NH) has introduced legislation (S. 3521) that would make a number of far-reaching changes in the federal budget process. The Senate Budget Committee is scheduled to mark up that legislation on June 20. Included in the legislation are provisions that would establish … -
Senate Budget Process Legislation Embraces "Misguided 45 Percent Trigger"
June 26, 2006
Executive Summary Major budget-process legislation approved by the Senate Budget Committee on June 20 seeks to limit the share of Medicare expenditures that are financed by general revenues. The legislation (S. 3521), crafted by Senate Budget Committee Chairman Judd Gregg (R-NH), would establish a new Senate … -
Combined Effect of Bills Moving in the Senate Would Be To Finance Near-Repeal of the Estate Tax With Cuts in Medicare, Veterans Benefits, School Lunches, and Other Programs
June 26, 2006
At the urging of Senate Republican leader Bill Frist, the House of Representatives last week approved a measure designed by House Ways and Means Committee chairman Bill Thomas to repeal most but not all of the estate tax. The measure contains no “offsets”; its large cost would be financed through higher deficits.… -
Biennial Budgeting: Do The Drawbacks Outweigh The Advantages?
June 16, 2006
Senate Budget Committee Judd Gregg (R-NH) has introduced legislation (S. 3521) that would make far-reaching changes in the federal budget process. Included in that legislation is a proposal to move the federal budget from an annual to a biennial cycle. Proponents of biennial budgeting present it as a reform that will … -
Barriers to Saving
June 1, 2006
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The House-Passed Budget Plan
Revised May 22, 2006
In the early morning of May 18, the House passed a budget plan (or “budget resolution”) for fiscal year 2007. In a separate vote later that day, the Housed “deemed” that the Congress has given final approval to the plan. As a result of this “deemer,” the House budget plan is now … -
Roth IRA Provision Effectively Eliminates Income Limits on Roth IRAs
Revised May 15, 2006
The tax reconciliation bill conference agreement gives the appearance of retaining the current income limits on who can make contributions to Roth IRAs. In reality, however, the legislation changes the Roth IRA rules in a way that effectively eliminates the income limits on these contributions. As a result, all income limits on the use of Roth IRAs would in effect be dismantled … -
Statement of Robert Greenstein on the Tax-Cut Reconciliation Agreement
Revised May 11, 2006
This indefensible agreement provides a windfall for the most well-off but little or nothing for most other Americans, relies on budget gimmicks to help mask its long-term costs, and will further increase our already large and unsustainable deficits. Analysis by the Urban Institute – Brookings … -
Will The Administration Claim the Cost of Fixing Social Security Rose $700 Billion Because Congress Did Not Act Last Year?
Revised May 1, 2006
President Bush and other Administration officials often claim that delaying action on Social Security by “...just one year adds $600 billion [or $700 billion] to the cost of fixing Social Security.”[1] Such claims may be repeated on May 1 when the Social Security Trustees release their annual report on the program’s finances. Such claims, however, are not accurate. The figures used in … -
What the 2006 Trustees' Report Shows about Social Security
May 1, 2006
On May 1, the Social Security Board of Trustees released the 66th annual report on the program’s financial and actuarial status. The report projects that Social Security’s trust fund reserves will be exhausted in 2040, one year earlier than last year’s projection. After that year, Social Security will be able to pay 74 percent of scheduled benefits, rather than full benefits. … -
Statement of Robert Greenstein, Regarding The Social Security and Medicare Trustees’ Report
May 1, 2006
Today’s report is another reminder of the serious long-term fiscal challenges the nation faces. Overall federal budget deficits will swell as the baby boom generation retires, medical costs continue their rapid ascent, and the growth of the U.S. workforce slows as a result of the aging … -
Trustees’ Report Focuses Attention On Misguided Medicare “45-Percent Trigger”
Revised May 1, 2006
The Social Security and Medicare Trustees report issued May 1 includes an estimate that the portion of Medicare funding that comes from general revenues will exceed 45 percent in 2012. This estimate is likely to be cited by some as an indication of Medicare’s growing problems, with the implication being that Medicare’s … -
Tax Foundation Figures Do Not Represent Middle-Income Tax Burdens
Revised April 13, 2006
As in past years, the Tax Foundation has released a report projecting “Tax Freedom Day,” which it describes as the day when “Americans will finally have earned enough money to pay off their total tax bill for the year.” Over the years, pundits and policymakers often have misinterpreted the Tax Foundation’s report as reflecting the tax burdens that the broad … -
Recent Tax and Income Trends among High-Income Taxpayers
April 10, 2006
Administration officials have consistently sought to portray the distribution of benefits from the 2001 and 2003 tax cuts as balanced or even progressive. Recently, for example, the Treasury Department released a “Tax Relief Kit,” which includes a fact sheet entitled “Who Pays Most Individual Income Taxes?” The fact sheet … -
Five-Year Discretionary Caps Would Be Unwise at This Time
March 27, 2006
The President has again proposed enactment of binding caps for each of the next five years on overall levels of funding and expenditures for discretionary programs (i.e., programs that are non-entitlements). Under the proposal, the cap for each fiscal year through 2011 would be set at the overall levels for discretionary … -
A Pay-As-You-Go Rule That Would Exempt All Tax Cuts Would Make a Mockery of Efforts to Restore Fiscal Discipline
March 20, 2006
The House of Representatives will apparently consider legislation in coming weeks that would make a number of changes in the federal budget process. It is possible that this legislation will include a provision endorsed by the House Budget Committee in 2004 that would resurrect the “pay-as-you-go” rules, but in a … -
Proposed Cap Would Require Deep Cuts In Entitlement Programs
March 16, 2006
The Republican Study Committee, a group of conservative members of the House of Representatives, has proposed to establish an “entitlement cap” that limits total expenditures for entitlement programs other than Social Security and requires projected expenditures for such programs to be cut $1.8 trillion over the next … -
President and Senate Budget Committee Embrace Misguided “45-Percent Trigger”
March 13, 2006
Both the President and the Senate Budget Committee have embraced the notion that increases in the share of Medicare expenditures that are funded by general revenues are problematic and should be limited. The President’s fiscal year 2007 budget calls for Medicare to be subject to automatic cuts in any year in which more than … -
Has the Safety Net Greatly Expanded over the Last Five Years?
March 7, 2006
The Heritage Foundation recently issued a paper by Brian Riedl claiming that programs for the poor have expanded greatly on President Bush’s watch and have done very well in the budget changes of recent years. This claim has been promoted in several op-eds by Riedl and repeated in various media interviews. Riedl often … -
Administration Defense of Health Savings Accounts Rests on Misleading Use of Statistics
February 16, 2006
To encourage wider use of Health Savings Accounts (HSAs), tax-free individual accounts for health-related expenses that must be coupled with a high-deductible insurance policy, the Administration is proposing significant new HSA-related tax breaks that it estimates would cost $156 billion over ten years. Several important concerns … -
Administration Proposals To Hide Tax-Cut Costs
February 14, 2006
The President’s 2007 budget includes two proposals that risk corrupting federal budget rules in order to facilitate passage of Administration tax cuts. One proposal calls on Congress to adopt a new scoring convention that would make the cost of extending the 2001 and 2003 tax cuts disappear; under this proposal, legislation to … -
Assessing the Effects of the Budget Conference Agreement on Low-Income Families and Individuals
Revised January 9, 2006
Some Congressional leaders are claiming that the low-income provisions in the conference agreement on the budget reconciliation bill are modest and will not harm vulnerable families. Many of the legislation’s key provisions were altered behind closed doors in weekend negotiations, and the legislation was not released until after 1:00 the morning of December 19, just hours before … -
House Pension Bill Would Make Some 2001 Tax Cuts Permanent For The First Time
Revised January 6, 2006
Pension legislation passed by the House on December 15 contains a series of pension-related tax provisions that raise serious budgetary concerns and pose significant equity issues. The legislation (H.R. 2830, the Pension Protection Act of 2005) contains measures crafted by the Ways and Means Committee that would — for the first time — make permanent some of the tax cuts enacted …
