Revised April 14, 1999

 

Social Security and Poverty Among the Elderly:
A National and State Perspective
Appendix Tables


Table A-1
Impact of Social Security on Elderly Persons
   

Percent Poor Before Social Security 

 

Percent Poor After Social Security  

 

Percent Lifted From Poverty By Social Security

 
   
 

Low

Best

High

Low

Best

High

Low

Best

High

 
 

Estimate

Estimate

Estimate

Estimate

Estimate

Estimate

Estimate

Estimate

Estimate

 
   

Alabama

0.53

0.56

0.59

0.16

0.18

0.20

0.33

0.38

0.44

 

Arizona

0.41

0.43

0.46

0.09

0.11

0.12

0.28

0.33

0.38

 

Arkansas

0.58

0.60

0.63

0.18

0.20

0.22

0.35

0.41

0.46

 

California

0.42

0.43

0.44

0.12

0.13

0.13

0.28

0.31

0.33

 

Colorado

0.34

0.37

0.40

0.07

0.08

0.10

0.23

0.29

0.35

 

Connecticut

0.37

0.40

0.43

0.05

0.06

0.08

0.29

0.34

0.39

 

Florida

0.48

0.49

0.50

0.11

0.12

0.13

0.35

0.37

0.39

 

Georgia

0.47

0.50

0.52

0.14

0.16

0.18

0.29

0.34

0.40

 

Hawaii

0.28

0.31

0.34

0.08

0.09

0.11

0.17

0.22

0.27

 

Idaho

0.47

0.49

0.52

0.08

0.09

0.11

0.35

0.40

0.45

 

Illinois

0.47

0.48

0.50

0.09

0.10

0.11

0.35

0.38

0.41

 

Indiana

0.51

0.54

0.57

0.08

0.10

0.11

0.39

0.44

0.50

 

Iowa

0.47

0.50

0.52

0.08

0.10

0.11

0.35

0.40

0.45

 

Kansas

0.47

0.49

0.52

0.10

0.12

0.13

0.33

0.38

0.43

 

Kentucky

0.50

0.53

0.55

0.12

0.14

0.16

0.33

0.39

0.44

 

Louisiana

0.52

0.55

0.58

0.17

0.19

0.21

0.30

0.36

0.42

 

Maine

0.52

0.55

0.57

0.11

0.13

0.15

0.36

0.42

0.47

 

Maryland

0.38

0.41

0.44

0.09

0.11

0.13

0.25

0.30

0.36

 

Massachusetts

0.46

0.47

0.49

0.10

0.11

0.13

0.33

0.36

0.40

 

Michigan

0.46

0.48

0.49

0.09

0.10

0.11

0.35

0.38

0.41

 

Minnesota

0.49

0.52

0.55

0.10

0.11

0.13

0.34

0.40

0.46

 

Mississippi

0.58

0.60

0.63

0.19

0.21

0.23

0.33

0.39

0.45

 

Missouri

0.45

0.48

0.51

0.10

0.11

0.13

0.32

0.37

0.42

 

Montana/Wyom.*

0.51

0.53

0.55

0.10

0.11

0.12

0.38

0.42

0.46

 

Nebraska

0.50

0.53

0.55

0.09

0.11

0.13

0.37

0.42

0.47

 

Nevada

0.42

0.45

0.48

0.08

0.09

0.11

0.31

0.36

0.41

 

New Hampshire

0.45

0.48

0.52

0.07

0.09

0.10

0.34

0.40

0.46

 

New Jersey

0.42

0.44

0.45

0.09

0.10

0.11

0.31

0.34

0.37

 

New Mexico

0.46

0.48

0.51

0.15

0.17

0.19

0.26

0.31

0.37

 

New York

0.49

0.50

0.51

0.14

0.15

0.16

0.33

0.35

0.37

 

North Carolina

0.52

0.54

0.56

0.15

0.16

0.17

0.35

0.38

0.42

 

N. & S. Dakota*

0.52

0.54

0.55

0.12

0.13

0.15

0.37

0.40

0.44

 

Ohio

0.47

0.49

0.50

0.10

0.11

0.12

0.35

0.38

0.41

 

Oklahoma

0.52

0.55

0.57

0.13

0.15

0.17

0.35

0.40

0.45

 

Oregon

0.44

0.46

0.49

0.05

0.07

0.08

0.34

0.40

0.45

 

Pennsylvania

0.52

0.53

0.54

0.10

0.11

0.11

0.40

0.42

0.45

 

Rhode Island

0.52

0.55

0.57

0.11

0.13

0.14

0.37

0.42

0.47

 

South Carolina

0.54

0.57

0.60

0.16

0.18

0.20

0.33

0.39

0.45

 

Tennessee

0.51

0.54

0.56

0.17

0.19

0.21

0.29

0.35

0.40

 

Texas

0.49

0.50

0.52

0.15

0.17

0.18

0.31

0.34

0.37

 

Utah

0.37

0.40

0.43

0.05

0.06

0.08

0.28

0.34

0.39

 

Virginia

0.42

0.45

0.47

0.12

0.14

0.16

0.25

0.31

0.36

 

Washington

0.39

0.42

0.45

0.08

0.09

0.11

0.27

0.33

0.39

 

West Virginia

0.56

0.59

0.61

0.14

0.16

0.17

0.38

0.43

0.48

 

Wisconsin

0.45

0.48

0.50

0.07

0.09

0.11

0.33

0.39

0.44

 
   

U.S. Total**

0.48

0.49

0.49

0.12

0.13

0.13

0.35

0.36

0.37

 
* Data for Montana and Wyoming and for North Dakota and South Dakota have been combined to produce sample sizes large enough to obtain reliable estimates
** The U.S. total figures in this table differ from the national figures in the text of the report because the U.S. total figures in this table, like the state figures, are based on pooled Census data for the five years from 1993 to 1997. The national figures in the text are based on data for 1997 only.
Note: The following states have been omitted because the sample sizes in these states are too small to obtain reliable estimates: Alaska, Delaware, District of Columbia, and Vermont.

 

 

Table A-2
Impact of Social Security on the Number of Poor Elderly
(in Thousands)
         Number Poor Before Social Security         Number Poor After Social Security   
     

Low

   

Best

   

High

   

Low

   

Best

   

High

 
Estimate

Estimate

Estimate

Estimate

Estimate

Estimate

     

 

         

 

         

 

       

Alabama

105

324

543

(21)

101

223

Arizona

52

235

417

(33)

57

147

 

Arkansas

 

69

   

200

   

330

   

(9)

   

66

   

141

 

California

950

1,450

1,949

147

421

695

 

Colorado

 

(3)

   

128

   

260

   

(33)

   

30

   

93

 

Connecticut

15

180

344

(37)

28

93

 

Florida

 

779

   

1,166

   

1,552

   

91

   

282

   

474

 

Georgia

86

369

651

(42)

116

274

 

Hawaii

 

(2)

   

46

   

94

   

(12)

   

14

   

39

 

Idaho

15

65

114

(9)

12

33

 

Illinois

 

359

   

654

   

949

   

1

   

137

   

272

 

Indiana

95

375

655

(52)

66

184

 

Iowa

 

48

   

185

   

321

   

(24)

   

37

   

98

 

Kansas

39

161

283

(21)

37

96

 

Kentucky

 

68

   

253

   

438

   

(28)

   

66

   

161

 

Louisiana

61

257

452

(27)

88

204

 

Maine

 

20

   

88

   

156

   

(12)

   

21

   

54

 

Maryland

26

251

475

(47)

67

182

 

Massachusetts

 

173

   

357

   

541

   

(4)

   

86

   

176

 

Michigan

303

561

820

(1)

116

234

 

Minnesota

 

42

   

242

   

442

   

(41)

   

54

   

149

 

Mississippi

57

186

316

(10)

66

143

 

Missouri

 

85

   

348

   

612

   

(44)

   

83

   

210

 
  Montana & Wyom.*  

38

   

85

   

133

   

(4)

   

18

   

39

 

Nebraska

27

106

185

(14)

22

58

 

Nevada

 

15

   

85

   

155

   

(14)

   

17

   

49

 

New Hampshire

5

65

125

(14)

12

37

 

New Jersey

 

222

   

433

   

644

   

(5)

   

96

   

197

 

New Mexico

18

90

162

(11)

32

74

 

New York

 

799

   

1,165

   

1,531

   

149

   

353

   

556

 

North Carolina

255

479

702

22

140

258

N. & S. Dakota*

50

96

142

1

24

46

 

Ohio

 

386

   

686

   

986

   

9

   

149

   

289

 

Oklahoma

69

226

384

(21)

61

143

 

Oregon

 

26

   

174

   

322

   

(31)

   

25

   

81

 

Pennsylvania

573

914

1,256

27

182

337

 

Rhode Island

 

23

   

83

   

144

   

(10)

   

20

   

49

 

South Carolina

53

223

393

(25)

71

168

Tennessee

68

305

543

(33)

108

248

 

Texas

 

516

   

904

   

1,293

   

73

   

298

   

523

 

Utah

5

72

139

(15)

11

37

Virginia

62

312

563

(44)

96

237

 

Washington

 

21

   

237

   

454

   

(47)

   

54

   

155

 

West Virginia

68

170

273

(7)

45

98

 

Wisconsin

 

57

   

271

   

486

   

(42)

   

51

   

144

 
 

 

 

 

               

 

         

 

 

U.S. Total**

14,311

15,373

16,435

3,271

3,968

4,666

* Data for Montana and Wyoming and for North Dakota and South Dakota have been combined to produce sample sizes large enough to obtain reliable estimates.
** The U.S. total figures in this table differ from the national figures in the text of the report because the U.S. total figures in this table, like the state figures, are based on pooled Census data for the five years from 1993 to 1997. The national figures in the text are based on data for 1997 only.
Note: The following states have been omitted because the sample sizes in these states are too small to obtain reliable estimates: Alaska, Delaware, District of Columbia, and Vermont

 

 

Table A-3
Impact of Social Security on Poor Elderly
     

  Number Lifted From Poverty by Social Security
(in Thousands
)
 

 

 

   Percent Poor Lifted From Poverty By Social Security 

 
   

Low

Best

High

Low

Best

High

 
   

Estimate

Estimate

Estimate

Estimate

Estimate

Estimate

 
     
 

Alabama

181.23

222.49

263.75

0.54

0.69

0.83

 
 

Arizona

143.99

177.43

210.88

0.59

0.76

0.93

 
 

Arkansas

109.13

133.92

158.72

0.53

0.67

0.82

 
 

California

935.21

1,028.93

1,122.65

0.63

0.71

0.79

 
 

Colorado

74.46

98.45

122.44

0.54

0.77

1.00

 
 

Connecticut

122.61

151.77

180.93

0.64

0.85

1.05

 
 

Florida

812.12

883.08

954.04

0.68

0.76

0.83

 
 

Georgia

199.45

252.78

306.11

0.52

0.69

0.85

 
 

Hawaii

23.77

32.73

41.68

0.47

0.70

0.93

 
 

Idaho

43.55

52.38

61.20

0.64

0.81

0.98

 
 

Illinois

463.74

517.15

570.55

0.69

0.79

0.89

 
 

Indiana

258.71

308.70

358.69

0.66

0.82

0.99

 
 

Iowa

123.07

147.72

172.36

0.64

0.80

0.97

 
 

Kansas

101.41

123.62

145.84

0.60

0.76

0.93

 
 

Kentucky

152.30

186.45

220.61

0.58

0.74

0.90

 
 

Louisiana

131.21

168.59

205.96

0.48

0.65

0.82

 
 

Maine

54.90

67.28

79.66

0.59

0.76

0.93

 
 

Maryland

142.04

183.49

224.95

0.54

0.73

0.93

 
 

Massachusetts

237.45

271.16

304.86

0.64

0.76

0.88

 
 

Michigan

398.70

445.37

492.04

0.69

0.79

0.89

 
 

Minnesota

151.79

188.27

224.74

0.59

0.78

0.96

 
 

Mississippi

95.06

119.83

144.59

0.49

0.64

0.80

 
 

Missouri

217.08

265.30

313.51

0.60

0.77

0.94

 
 

Montana & Wyoming*

59.00

68.00

76.00

0.67

0.79

0.92

 
 

Nebraska

70.15

84.40

98.64

0.63

0.79

0.96

 
 

Nevada

54.54

67.16

79.79

0.61

0.79

0.98

 
 

New Hampshire

42.97

53.69

64.42

0.61

0.82

1.03

 
 

New Jersey

298.36

336.84

375.33

0.67

0.78

0.89

 
 

New Mexico

44.59

58.31

72.03

0.47

0.65

0.82

 
 

New York

743.08

812.01

880.93

0.63

0.70

0.77

 
 

North Carolina

297.26

338.83

380.39

0.60

0.71

0.81

 
 

N. & S. Dakota*

63.00

72.00

80.00

0.64

0.75

0.85

 
 

Ohio

482.49

536.91

591.33

0.69

0.78

0.88

 
 

Oklahoma

136.23

165.46

194.69

0.57

0.73

0.88

 
 

Oregon

123.16

149.20

175.25

0.67

0.86

1.05

 
 

Pennsylvania

670.05

731.77

793.48

0.72

0.80

0.88

 
 

Rhode Island

52.50

63.63

74.75

0.60

0.77

0.93

 
 

South Carolina

119.43

151.68

183.92

0.51

0.68

0.85

 
 

Tennessee

152.24

197.63

243.01

0.48

0.65

0.82

 
 

Texas

532.82

606.69

680.57

0.58

0.67

0.77

 
 

Utah

48.67

60.52

72.38

0.63

0.84

1.05

 
 

Virginia

168.71

215.97

263.24

0.51

0.69

0.87

 
 

Washington

144.06

183.35

222.65

0.57

0.78

0.99

 
 

West Virginia

106.34

125.25

144.15

0.60

0.74

0.87

 
 

Wisconsin

182.00

220.51

259.02

0.63

0.81

0.99

 
     
 

U.S. Total**

11,195.58

11,404.60

11,613.62

0.73

0.74

0.76

 
     
* Data for Montana and Wyoming and for North Dakota and South Dakota have been combined to produce sample sizes large enough to obtain reliable estimates
** The U.S. total figures in this table differ from the national figures in the text of the report because the U.S. total figures in this table, like the state figures, are based on pooled Census data for the five years from 1993 to 1997. The national figures in the text are based on data for 1997 only.Note: The following states have been omitted because the sample sizes in these states are too small to obtain reliable estimates: Alaska, Delaware, District of Columbia, and Vermont.

 

 

Table A-4
Impact of All Government Programs on Elderly
     

 

 Number Lifted From Poverty by Government Programs
(in Thousands)
 

   

 Percent Lifted From Poverty by Government Programs 

 

Low

Best

High

Low

Best

High

     

Estimate

   

Estimate

 

 

Estimate

   

Estimate

   

Estimate

   

Estimate

 
 

Alabama

 

219

   

261

   

302

   

0

   

0

   

1

 
 

Arizona

 

164

   

198

   

232

   

0

   

0

   

0

 

Arkansas

133

158

183

0

0

1

 

California

 

1,152

   

1,240

   

1,329

   

0

   

0

   

0

 

Colorado

87

111

136

0

0

0

 

Connecticut

 

133

   

164

   

194

   

0

   

0

   

0

 

Florida

915

982

1,050

0

0

0

 

Georgia

 

240

   

296

   

352

   

0

   

0

   

0

 

Hawaii

28

36

45

0

0

0

 

Idaho

 

49

   

57

   

66

   

0

   

0

   

0

 

Illinois

512

563

614

0

0

0

 

Indiana

 

272

   

324

   

376

   

0

   

0

   

1

 

Iowa

135

159

184

0

0

0

 

Kansas

 

116

   

138

   

160

   

0

   

0

   

0

 

Kentucky

171

206

241

0

0

0

 

Louisiana

 

154

   

194

   

234

   

0

   

0

   

0

 

Maine

65

77

89

0

0

1

 

Maryland

 

169

   

210

   

251

   

0

   

0

   

0

 

Massachusetts

277

304

332

0

0

0

 

Michigan

 

443

   

485

   

527

   

0

   

0

   

0

 

Minnesota

179

216

254

0

0

1

 

Mississippi

 

115

   

140

   

164

   

0

   

0

   

1

 

Missouri

243

292

341

0

0

0

Montana & Wyom.*

68

77

86

0

0

1

 

Nebraska

 

78

   

92

   

106

   

0

   

0

   

1

 

Nevada

66

78

89

0

0

0

 

New Hampshire

 

51

   

61

   

72

   

0

   

0

   

1

 

New Jersey

341

375

409

0

0

0

 

New Mexico

 

56

   

70

   

83

   

0

   

0

   

0

 

New York

912

975

1,039

0

0

0

 

North Carolina

 

341

   

374

   

407

   

0

   

0

   

0

 
 

N. & S. Dakota*

 

72

   

80

   

89

   

0

   

0

   

0

 

Ohio

532

582

632

0

0

0

 

Oklahoma

 

157

   

187

   

217

   

0

   

0

   

1

 

Oregon

139

166

193

0

0

0

 

Pennsylvania

 

747

   

806

   

866

   

0

   

0

   

0

 

Rhode Island

62

74

85

0

0

1

 

South Carolina

 

142

   

172

   

201

   

0

   

0

   

0

 
 

Tennessee

 

181

   

224

   

267

   

0

   

0

   

0

 

Texas

638

710

783

0

0

0

 

Utah

 

52

   

64

   

76

   

0

   

0

   

0

 
 

Virginia

 

195

   

239

   

284

   

0

   

0

   

0

 

Washington

168

206

243

0

0

0

 

West Virginia

 

127

   

147

   

167

   

0

   

1

   

1

 

Wisconsin

203

240

278

0

0

0

 

U.S. Total**

 

12,696

   

12,895

   

13,094

   

0

   

0

   

0

 

* Data for Montana and Wyoming and for North Dakota and South Dakota have been combined to produce sample sizes large enough to obtain reliable estimates
** The U.S. total figures in this table differ from the national figures in the text of the report because the U.S. total figures in this table, like the state figures, are based on pooled Census data for the five years from 1993 to 1997. The national figures in the text are based on data for 1997 only.
Note: The following states have been omitted because the sample sizes in these states are too small to obtain reliable estimates: Alaska, Delaware, District of Columbia, and Vermont.

 

 

Table A-5
Impact of Government Programs on the Number of Poor Elderly
(in Thousands)
         

Number Poor Before Government Programs

   

Number Poor After Government Programs

 
 

Total Elderly

Low Estimate

Best Estimate

High Estimate

Low Estimate

Best Estimate

High Estimate  
 

Population*

 
 

Alabama

578.85

107.75

336.20

564.65

(32.71)

75.33

183.37

 
 

Arizona

540.78

56.93

245.40

433.88

(35.57)

47.18

129.92

 
 

Arkansas

330.84

71.65

207.24

342.83

(16.35)

49.44

115.23

 
 

California

3,351.50

1,003.13

1,497.04

1,990.94

47.67

256.61

465.56

 
 

Colorado

344.39

(3.67)

132.97

269.61

(32.74)

21.68

76.09

 
 

Connecticut

447.69

12.54

187.09

361.64

(38.83)

23.43

85.70

 
 

Florida

2,389.27

824.01

1,199.44

1,574.87

55.82

217.06

378.29

 
 

Georgia

741.78

82.70

388.33

693.95

(57.24)

92.05

241.33

 
 

Hawaii

149.75

(0.55)

46.69

93.93

(11.77)

10.28

32.32

 
 

Idaho

131.12

18.47

67.10

115.73

(8.51)

9.89

28.28

 
 

Illinois

1,351.86

383.08

670.48

957.89

(7.95)

107.50

222.95

 
 

Indiana

700.71

84.47

379.35

674.22

(57.48)

55.81

169.10

 
 

Iowa

372.25

52.25

191.98

331.71

(25.25)

32.57

90.40

 
 

Kansas

326.07

46.00

169.03

292.07

(21.88)

30.96

83.80

 
 

Kentucky

481.44

69.18

262.33

455.48

(32.73)

56.26

145.26

 
 

Louisiana

467.68

52.80

268.52

484.24

(38.96)

74.35

187.65

 
 

Maine

161.55

24.00

92.25

160.50

(12.16)

15.55

43.25

 
 

Maryland

606.98

25.89

255.32

484.75

(49.95)

45.43

140.81

 
 

Massachusetts

753.53

210.11

364.87

519.62

(2.18)

60.38

122.94

 
 

Michigan

1,173.84

339.55

577.30

815.05

(3.45)

92.04

187.54

 
 

Minnesota

468.82

41.45

253.11

464.76

(44.13)

36.73

117.58

 
 

Mississippi

309.05

62.49

193.68

324.87

(14.64)

53.96

122.57

 
 

Missouri

722.46

86.13

360.81

635.49

(49.22)

68.61

186.44

 
 

Montana & Wyo.**

161.00

39.00

91.00

143.00

(6.00)

14.00

34.00

 
 

Nebraska

201.60

32.74

111.35

189.96

(13.28)

19.22

51.72

 
 

Nevada

188.24

22.56

88.37

154.18

(11.52)

10.56

32.64

 
  New Hampshire

134.87

6.00

67.43

128.86

(12.27)

6.04

24.35

 
 

New Jersey

987.75

253.82

445.05

636.28

(6.57)

69.93

146.43

 
  New Mexico

186.50

22.09

95.07

168.05

(12.38)

25.37

63.11

 
 

New York

2,330.09

845.20

1,198.50

1,551.79

68.44

223.06

377.68

 
 

North Carolina

886.58

310.72

489.72

668.72

29.01

115.62

202.24

 
  N. & S. Dakota**

179.00

52.00

98.00

145.00

(1.00)

18.00

38.00

 
 

Ohio

1,403.76

431.43

711.96

992.49

9.19

130.14

251.09

 
  Oklahoma

414.20

65.57

232.07

398.56

(27.99)

44.71

117.41

 
 

Oregon

375.35

30.31

184.62

338.93

(30.18)

18.56

67.31

 
 

Pennsylvania

1,724.06

613.05

948.45

1,283.86

9.86

142.16

274.46

 
 

Rhode Island

152.34

21.53

84.72

147.91

(11.80)

11.22

34.24

 
 

South Carolina

390.75

71.56

230.15

388.74

(21.97)

58.55

139.08

 
 

Tennessee

573.11

76.00

306.70

537.40

(37.52)

82.72

202.97

 
 

Texas

1,797.67

548.44

943.46

1,338.49

34.76

233.16

431.56

 
 

Utah

181.62

5.02

73.06

141.10

(14.55)

9.09

32.72

 
  Virginia

703.16

74.53

317.93

561.32

(44.29)

78.44

201.16

 
 

Washington

559.51

32.02

244.73

457.45

(44.57)

38.96

122.49

 
 

West Virginia

291.25

67.33

180.15

292.96

(14.75)

33.42

81.59

 
 

Wisconsin

566.10

64.33

277.39

490.44

(40.62)

37.10

114.82

 

 

 

 

U.S. Total**

31,532.60

14,827.23

15,872.60

16,917.97

2,372.10

2,977.40

3,582.70

 

* The variation between high and low estimates for the state population of persons ages 65 and over is very small and is not shown here.
** Data for Montana and Wyoming and for North Dakota and South Dakota have been combined to produce sample sizes large enough to obtain reliable estimates
*** The U.S. total figures in this table differ from the national figures in the text of the report because the U.S. total figures in this table, like the state figures, are based on pooled Census data for the five years from 1993 to 1997. The national figures in the text are based on data for 1997 only.
Note: The following states have been omitted because the sample sizes in these states are too small to obtain reliable estimates: Alaska, Delaware, District of Columbia, and Vermont.

 

 

Table A-6
Impact of Social Security on Elderly Women
   

Percent of Elderly Women Who are Poor Before Social Security

 

Percent of Elderly Women are Poor After Social Security

 

Percentage of Poor Elderly Women Lifted From Poverty By Social Security

 

Low

Best

High

Low

Best

High

Low

Best

High

   

Estimate

 

Estimate

 

Estimate

 

Estimate

 

Estimate

 

Estimate

 

Estimate

 

Estimate

 

Estimate

 

Alabama

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

Arizona

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

Arkansas

1

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

California

 

0

 

0

 

1

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

Colorado

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Connecticut

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

Florida

1

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

Georgia

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

Hawaii

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Idaho

 

0

 

1

 

1

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

Illinois

1

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

Indiana

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

1

 

Iowa

1

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

Kansas

 

0

 

1

 

1

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

Kentucky

1

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

Louisiana

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

Maine

1

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

Maryland

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

Massachusetts

1

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

Michigan

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

Minnesota

1

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

Mississippi

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

Missouri

1

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

Montana & Wyo.*

1

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

Nebraska

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

1

 

Nevada

0

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

New Hampshire

 

0

 

1

 

1

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

1

 

New Jersey

0

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

New Mexico

 

0

 

1

 

1

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

New York

1

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

North Carolina

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

N. & S. Dakota*

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

Ohio

1

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

Oklahoma

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

Oregon

0

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

1

Pennsylvania

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

Rhode Island

1

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

1

South Carolina

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

Tennessee

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

Texas

1

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

Utah

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

Virginia

 

0

 

0

 

1

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

Washington

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

West Virginia

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

1

 

Wisconsin

0

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

U.S. Total**

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

* Data for Montana and Wyoming and for North Dakota and South Dakota have been combined to produce sample sizes large enough to obtain reliable estimates
** The U.S. total figures in this table differ from the national figures in the text of the report because the U.S. total figures in this table, likethe state figures, are based on pooled Census data for the five years from 1993 to 1997. The national figures in the text are based on data from 1997 only.
Note: The following states have been omitted because the sample sizes in these states are too small to obtain reliable estimates: Alaska, Delaware, District of Columbia and Vermont.

 

 

Table A-7
Impact of Social Security on the Number of Poor Elderly Women
(in Thousands)
 

 

 

Number of Elderly Women Who are Poor Before Social Security

   

Number of Elderly Women Who are Poor After Social Security

 
 

Low

Best

High

Low

Best

High

 
 

Estimate

Estimate

Estimate

Estimate

Estimate

Estimate

 
   
 

Alabama

36.70

215.52

394.34

(29.96)

75.34

180.64

 
 

Arizona

(1.92)

137.63

277.19

(35.37)

35.02

105.41

 
 

Arkansas

22.43

126.62

230.80

(16.31)

47.58

111.47

 
 

California

524.13

927.42

1,330.71

63.26

292.23

521.19

 
 

Colorado

(23.39)

79.90

183.19

(30.97)

20.92

72.81

 
 

Connecticut

(13.10)

123.75

260.60

(36.30)

22.99

82.29

 
 

Florida

414.73

720.40

1,026.06

35.92

196.21

356.50

 
 

Georgia

13.28

243.12

472.95

(49.36)

91.48

232.32

 
 

Hawaii

(8.95)

29.00

66.96

(12.10)

9.56

31.22

 
 

Idaho

1.25

40.06

78.87

(9.17)

8.90

26.97

 
 

Illinois

191.24

431.63

672.01

(12.87)

107.71

228.29

 
 

Indiana

18.24

244.21

470.17

(52.04)

48.98

150.00

 
 

Iowa

9.81

119.98

230.14

(25.52)

27.57

80.67

 
 

Kansas

4.26

100.84

197.41

(22.67)

24.18

71.03

 
 

Kentucky

9.33

153.46

297.58

(31.89)

49.57

131.03

 
 

Louisiana

1.78

153.06

304.35

(36.20)

56.37

148.95

 
 

Maine

0.13

52.44

104.76

(12.93)

13.24

39.41

 
 

Maryland

(19.10)

160.63

340.36

(49.47)

48.09

145.65

 
 

Massachusetts

83.35

230.97

378.59

(15.12)

60.27

135.65

 
 

Michigan

157.93

367.05

576.17

(14.54)

88.38

191.29

 
 

Minnesota

(8.42)

148.55

305.53

(41.78)

38.94

119.66

 
 

Mississippi

12.63

114.07

215.50

(17.28)

47.14

111.56

 
 

Missouri

12.18

224.79

437.40

(47.37)

61.59

170.56

 
  Montana & Wyom.*

12.18

47.00

83.00

(6.00)

12.00

30.00

 
 

Nebraska

4.38

66.71

129.03

(14.45)

16.64

47.73

 
 

Nevada

(2.76)

52.65

108.05

(14.43)

12.74

39.91

 
 

New Hampshire

(7.42)

38.98

85.38

(13.26)

8.74

30.74

 
 

New Jersey

118.54

292.42

466.30

(15.95)

68.84

153.62

 
 

New Mexico

(1.26)

54.52

110.30

(13.74)

20.95

55.65

 
 

New York

476.15

777.12

1,078.09

88.02

264.75

441.47

 
 

North Carolina

123.10

300.63

478.16

1.40

103.21

205.02

 
 

N. & S. Dakota*

23.00

59.00

95.00

(2.00)

16.00

35.00

 
 

Ohio

208.86

453.28

697.71

(6.33)

118.15

242.63

 
 

Oklahoma

17.39

142.76

268.12

(25.07)

45.28

115.62

 
 

Oregon

(10.34)

104.33

218.99

(28.29)

14.86

58.01

 
 

Pennsylvania

317.31

594.34

871.37

3.47

138.58

273.69

 
 

Rhode Island

7.03

57.54

108.05

(10.89)

15.80

42.48

 
 

South Carolina

4.76

138.95

273.15

(30.96)

52.38

135.71

 
 

Tennessee

9.53

203.18

396.83

(39.43)

85.50

210.43

 
 

Texas

255.68

564.21

872.74

14.50

198.54

382.59

 
 

Utah

(8.95)

43.05

95.04

(13.74)

7.32

28.38

 
 

Virginia

2.65

207.72

412.78

(48.63)

73.74

196.11

 
 

Washington

(21.93)

150.87

323.67

(46.77)

38.52

123.80

 
 

West Virginia

30.41

114.24

198.06

(11.56)

34.21

79.98

 
 

Wisconsin

(1.27)

167.98

337.22

(42.37)

38.74

119.86

 
   
 

U.S. Total**

8,872.01

9,852.20

10,832.39

2,276.68

2,883.00

3,489.32

 
* Data for Montana and Wyoming and for North Dakota and South Dakota have been combined to produce samplesizes large enough to obtain reliable estimates
** The U.S. total figures in this table differ from the national figures in the text of the report because the U.S. total figures in this table, like the state figures, are based on pooled Census data for the five years from 1993 to 1997. The national figures in the text are based on data for 1997 only.
Note: The following states have been omitted because the sample sizes in these states are too small to obtain reliable estimates: Alaska, Delaware, District of Columbia and Vermont.

 

 

Table A-8
Impact of Social Security on Poor Elderly Women
   

Number Lifted From Poverty By Social Security (in Thousands)

 

 

Percent of Poor Elderly Women Lifted From Poverty By Social Security

 

Low

Best

High

Low

Best

High

   

Estimate

   

Estimate

   

Estimate

   

Estimate

   

Estimate

   

Estimate

 

Alabama

 

106

   

140

   

174

   

0

   

1

   

1

 

Arizona

 

77

   

103

   

128

   

1

   

1

   

1

 

Arkansas

59

79

99

0

1

1

California

 

559

   

635

   

711

   

1

   

1

   

1

 

Colorado

40

59

78

0

1

1

Connecticut

 

76

   

101

   

125

   

1

   

1

   

1

 

Florida

467

524

581

1

1

1

Georgia

 

107

   

152

   

196

   

0

   

1

   

1

 

Hawaii

12

19

27

0

1

1

Idaho

 

24

   

31

   

38

   

1

   

1

   

1

 

Illinois

280

324

368

1

1

1

Indiana

 

154

   

195

   

236

   

1

   

1

   

1

 

Iowa

72

92

113

1

1

1

Kansas

 

59

   

77

   

94

   

1

   

1

   

1

 

Kentucky

77

104

131

0

1

1

Louisiana

 

68

   

97

   

126

   

0

   

1

   

1

 

Maine

30

39

49

1

1

1

Maryland

 

79

   

113

   

146

   

0

   

1

   

1

 

Massachusetts

143

171

198

1

1

1

Michigan

 

240

   

279

   

317

   

1

   

1

   

1

 

Minnesota

81

110

139

1

1

1

Mississippi

 

47

   

67

   

87

   

0

   

1

   

1

 

Missouri

124

163

203

1

1

1

Montana & Wyom.*

28

35

42

1

1

1

Nebraska

 

39

   

50

   

62

   

1

   

1

   

1

 

Nevada

30

40

50

1

1

1

New Hampshire

 

22

   

30

   

39

   

1

   

1

   

1

 

New Jersey

192

224

255

1

1

1

New Mexico

 

23

   

34

   

44

   

0

   

1

   

1

 

New York

455

512

570

1

1

1

North Carolina

 

164

   

197

   

231

   

1

   

1

   

1

 

N. & S. Dakota*

 

36

   

42

   

49

   

1

   

1

   

1

 

Ohio

290

335

380

1

1

1

Oklahoma

 

74

   

97

   

121

   

0

   

1

   

1

 

Oregon

69

89

110

1

1

1

Pennsylvania

 

405

   

456

   

506

   

1

   

1

   

1

 

Rhode Island

32

42

51

1

1

1

South Carolina

 

61

   

87

   

113

   

0

   

1

   

1

 

Tennessee

 

80

   

118

   

156

   

0

   

1

   

1

 

Texas

307

366

425

1

1

1

Utah

 

26

   

36

   

45

   

1

   

1

   

1

 

Virginia

 

95

   

134

   

173

   

0

   

1

   

1

 

Washington

81

112

144

0

1

1

West Virginia

 

64

   

80

   

96

   

1

   

1

   

1

 

Wisconsin

98

129

160

1

1

1

U.S. Total**

 

6,780

   

6,969

   

7,159

   

1

   

1

   

1

 
* Data for Montana and Wyoming and for North Dakota and South Dakota have been combined to produce sample sizes large enough to obtain reliable estimates
** The U.S. total figures in this table differ from the national figures in the text of the report because the U.S. total figures in this table, like the state figures, are based on pooled Census data for the five years from 1993 to 1997. The national figures in the text are based on data for 1997 only.
Note: The following states have been omitted because the sample sizes in these states are too small to obtain reliable estimates: Alaska, Delaware, District of Columbia, and Vermont.

 

 

Table A-9
Impact of All Government Programs on Elderly Women
   

Number Lifted From Povertyby Government Programs
(In Thousands

   

Percent Lifted From Poverty by Government Programs

 
 

Low

Best

High

Low

Best

High

 
 

Estimate

Estimate

Estimate

Estimate

Estimate

Estimate

 
   

Alabama

132.02

166.31

200.60

0.40

0.47

0.54

 

Alaska

2.77

4.53

6.28

0.23

0.33

0.43

 

Arizona

86.69

112.85

139.00

0.32

0.38

0.45

 

Arkansas

73.99

94.05

114.11

0.42

0.49

0.56

 

California

704.47

775.84

847.20

0.38

0.41

0.44

 

Colorado

47.96

67.04

86.12

0.27

0.35

0.43

 

Connecticut

83.21

108.83

134.45

0.33

0.40

0.48

 

Delaware

13.42

18.40

23.37

0.32

0.40

0.48

 

Dist.of Columbia

6.35

11.19

16.03

0.19

0.29

0.38

 

Florida

534.58

588.23

641.88

0.40

0.43

0.46

 

Georgia

135.29

181.32

227.36

0.33

0.41

0.48

 

Hawaii

14.56

21.50

28.44

0.18

0.25

0.32

 

Idaho

27.56

34.36

41.17

0.39

0.46

0.52

 

Illinois

314.83

356.76

398.69

0.42

0.45

0.49

 

Indiana

162.83

205.31

247.80

0.42

0.49

0.56

 

Iowa

81.07

101.31

121.56

0.40

0.47

0.53

 

Kansas

66.76

84.29

101.82

0.37

0.43

0.50

 

Kentucky

89.80

117.76

145.72

0.36

0.44

0.51

 

Louisiana

80.57

111.83

143.09

0.33

0.42

0.50

 

Maine

35.83

45.15

54.48

0.42

0.49

0.56

 

Maryland

98.67

131.67

164.67

0.29

0.36

0.44

 

Massachusetts

173.54

195.73

217.92

0.41

0.45

0.49

 

Michigan

270.56

305.05

339.54

0.40

0.44

0.47

 

Minnesota

97.44

126.82

156.21

0.40

0.48

0.55

 

Mississippi

61.00

80.36

99.72

0.38

0.45

0.52

 

Missouri

144.25

184.12

224.00

0.37

0.44

0.51

 

Montana

24.22

30.20

36.19

0.41

0.48

0.55

 

Montana & Wyom.*

33.00

40.00

47.00

0.42

0.48

0.54

 

Nebraska

43.81

55.03

66.26

0.41

0.47

0.54

 

Nevada

39.09

48.09

57.10

0.39

0.46

0.52

 

New Hampshire

26.61

34.81

43.02

0.40

0.48

0.56

 

New Jersey

222.17

250.04

277.90

0.39

0.43

0.46

 

New Mexico

29.29

39.82

50.35

0.31

0.38

0.46

 

New York

576.35

629.01

681.67

0.42

0.45

0.48

 

North Carolina

194.32

220.77

247.22

0.39

0.43

0.47

 

North Dakota

18.74

23.25

27.76

0.42

0.48

0.54

 

N. & S. Dakota*

41.00

48.00

55.00

0.42

0.46

0.50

 

Ohio

320.15

361.66

403.16

0.40

0.43

0.47

 

Oklahoma

88.26

112.36

136.46

0.40

0.46

0.53

 

Oregon

78.26

98.85

119.44

0.42

0.49

0.56

 

Pennsylvania

459.91

508.36

556.80

0.46

0.50

0.53

 

Rhode Island

40.64

49.86

59.08

0.46

0.52

0.59

 

South Carolina

72.38

96.02

119.67

0.33

0.41

0.48

 

South Dakota

20.02

24.77

29.52

0.39

0.45

0.51

 

Tennessee

101.96

137.71

173.46

0.34

0.41

0.48

 

Texas

372.14

430.07

487.99

0.38

0.42

0.46

 

Utah

29.25

38.44

47.63

0.32

0.39

0.46

 

Vermont

17.02

21.53

26.03

0.47

0.54

0.62

 

Virginia

113.65

151.01

188.38

0.29

0.36

0.43

 

Washington

97.63

127.74

157.85

0.32

0.39

0.46

 

West Virginia

76.90

93.52

110.14

0.47

0.53

0.59

 

Wisconsin

113.72

143.43

173.15

0.38

0.44

0.51

 

Wyoming

9.90

13.48

17.06

0.40

0.49

0.58

 
   

U.S. Total**

7,893.19

7,970.20

8,047.21

0.43

0.43

0.44

 
* Data for Montana and Wyoming and for North Dakota and South Dakota have been combined to produce sample sizes large enough to obtain reliable estimates
** The U.S. total figures in this table differ from the national figures in the text of the report because the U.S. total figures in this table, like the state figures, are based on pooled Census data for the five years from 1993 to 1997. The national figures in the text are based on data for 1997 only.
Note: The following states have been omitted because the sample sizes in these states are too small to obtain reliable estimates: Alaska, Delaware, District of Columbia, and Vermont.

 

 

Table A-10
Impact of Government Programs on the Number of Poor Elderly Women
(in Thousands)
       

Number Poor Before Government Programs

   

Number Poor After Government Programs

 
   

Total Elderly Women*

 

Low Estimate

   

Best Estimate

   

High Estimate

   

Low Estimate

   

Best Estimate

   

High Estimate

 

Alabama

354

36

223

409

(37)

56

150

Alaska

 

14

 

(4)

   

6

   

15

   

(3)

   

1

   

5

 

Arizona

295

(1)

144

288

(36)

31

97

Arkansas

 

191

 

23

   

131

   

239

   

(20)

   

37

   

94

 

California

1,902

554

951

1,349

2

175

349

Colorado

 

190

 

(25)

   

82

   

189

   

(30)

   

15

   

59

 

Connecticut

270

(16)

129

273

(37)

20

77

Delaware

 

46

 

(4)

   

24

   

51

   

(8)

   

5

   

18

 

Dist.of Columbia

39

(5)

20

44

(8)

8

24

Florida

 

1,363

 

443

   

740

   

1,037

   

17

   

152

   

286

 

Georgia

444

6

253

499

(61)

71

203

Hawaii

 

85

 

(8)

   

29

   

67

   

(11)

   

8

   

27

 

Idaho

76

3

41

80

(9)

7

23

Illinois

 

785

 

207

   

440

   

674

   

(18)

   

84

   

186

 

Indiana

421

9

248

486

(56)

43

141

Iowa

 

216

 

12

   

125

   

238

   

(26)

   

24

   

73

 

Kansas

194

8

105

203

(22)

21

64

Kentucky

 

270

 

9

   

161

   

312

   

(35)

   

43

   

121

 

Louisiana

266

(7)

159

326

(44)

48

139

Maine

 

92

 

2

   

54

   

107

   

(12)

   

9

   

31

 

Maryland

361

(20)

163

347

(49)

32

112

Massachusetts

 

434

 

112

   

236

   

361

   

(11)

   

41

   

92

 

Michigan

699

183

375

567

(14)

70

154

Minnesota

 

266

 

(12)

   

153

   

318

   

(42)

   

26

   

94

 

Mississippi

179

16

118

221

(20)

38

96

Missouri

 

419

 

11

   

232

   

454

   

(50)

   

48

   

146

 

Montana

206

69

125

182

(1)

24

49

Montana & Wyo.**

 

84

 

11

   

50

   

88

   

(7)

   

9

   

26

 

Nebraska

115

8

70

132

(14)

15

43

Nevada

 

105

 

3

   

55

   

106

   

(11)

   

7

   

24

 

New Hampshire

73

(7)

40

87

(12)

5

21

New Jersey

 

585

 

142

   

299

   

456

   

(15)

   

49

   

113

 

New Mexico

104

0

56

113

(14)

17

47

New York

 

1,401

 

508

   

798

   

1,088

   

34

   

169

   

304

 

North Carolina

514

165

307

449

11

86

161

North Dakota

 

49

 

4

   

29

   

54

   

(5)

   

6

   

16

 

N. & S. Dakota**

103

24

60

97

(4)

12

29

Ohio

 

836

 

238

   

466

   

693

   

(4)

   

104

   

212

 

Oklahoma

242

14

146

278

(30)

34

97

Oregon

 

201

 

(9)

   

110

   

229

   

(26)

   

11

   

49

 

Pennsylvania

1,023

343

615

886

(8)

106

220

Rhode Island

 

96

 

6

   

58

   

110

   

(12)

   

8

   

28

 

South Carolina

236

17

142

267

(26)

46

117

South Dakota

 

55

 

5

   

32

   

58

   

(5)

   

7

   

19

 

Tennessee

336

16

205

393

(41)

67

175

Texas

 

1,027

 

272

   

584

   

897

   

(8)

   

154

   

317

 

Utah

99

(9)

44

97

(13)

5

24

Vermont

 

40

 

(1)

   

25

   

50

   

(6)

   

3

   

12

 

Virginia

421

12

212

412

(47)

61

169

Washington

 

330

 

(15)

   

154

   

324

   

(43)

   

27

   

96

 

West Virginia

177

27

119

211

(17)

25

68

Wisconsin

 

322

 

4

   

171

   

339

   

(39)

   

28

   

94

 

Wyoming

27

(3)

16

36

(6)

3

12

   

 

       

 

                     

 

 

U.S. Total***

18,347

9,719

10,131

10,543

1,939

2,161

2,383

* The variation between high and low estimates for the state population of women ages 65 and over is very small and is not shown here.
** Data for Montana and Wyoming and for North Dakota and South Dakota have been combined to produce sample sizes large enough to obtain reliable estimates
*** The U.S. total figures in this table differ from the national figures in the text of the report because the U.S. total figures in this table, like the state figures, are based on pooled Census data for the five years from 1993 to 1997. The national figures in the text are based on data for 1997 only.
Note: The following states have been omitted because the sample sizes in these states are too small to obtain reliable estimates: Alaska, Delaware, District of Columbia, and Vermont.

 

 

Table A-11
Effect of Safety Net Programs on Poverty
All Persons, by Age, 1997
   

Children

Non-Elderly Adults

Elderly

All ages

 
 

Total population (thousands)

71,069.00

165,329.00

32,082.00

266,840.00

 
   
 

Number in poverty (thousands)

 
 

Before government programs

16,294.00

24,342.00

15,748.00

56,390.00

 
 

After social insurance programs

15,866.00

23,184.00

15,279.00

54,329.00

 
 

After Social Security

14,890.00

19,519.00

3,831.00

38,240.00

 
 

After cash assistance to poor

14,113.00

18,084.00

3,376.00

35,574.00

 
 

After food and housing benefits

12,511.00

16,470.00

2,872.00

31,853.00

 
 

After federal taxes

11,080.00

15,888.00

2,876.00

29,844.00

 
   
 

Poverty rate

 
 

Before government programs

0.23

0.15

0.49

0.21

 
 

After social insurance programs

0.22

0.14

0.48

0.20

 
 

After Social Security

0.21

0.12

0.12

0.14

 
 

After cash assistance to poor

0.20

0.11

0.11

0.13

 
 

After food and housing benefits

0.18

0.10

0.09

0.12

 
 

After federal taxes

0.16

0.10

0.09

0.11

 
   
 

Number lifted out of poverty (thousands)

 
 

By social insurance programs

428.00

1,158.00

469.00

2,061.00

 
 

By Social Security

976.00

3,665.00

11,448.00

16,089.00

 
 

By cash assistance to poor

777.00

1,435.00

455.00

2,666.00

 
 

By food and housing benefits

1,602.00

1,614.00

504.00

3,721.00

 
 

By federal taxes

1,431.00

582.00

(4.00)

2,009.00

 
 

Total all government programs

5,214.00

8,454.00

12,878.00

26,546.00

 
   
 

Percent lifted out of poverty

 
 

By social insurance programs

0.03

0.05

0.03

0.04

 
 

By Social Security

0.06

0.15

0.73

0.29

 
 

By cash assistance to poor

0.05

0.06

0.03

0.05

 
 

By food and housing benefits

0.10

0.07

0.03

0.07

 
 

By federal taxes

0.09

0.02

0.00

0.04

 
 

Total all government programs

0.32

0.35

0.82

0.47

 
   
 

Of those lifted out of poverty by gov programs

 
 

% lifted out by social insurance

0.08

0.14

0.04

0.08

 
 

% lifted out by Social Security

0.19

0.43

0.89

0.61

 
 

% lifted out by cash assistance to poor

0.15

0.17

0.04

0.10

 
 

% lifted out by food and housing benefits

0.31

0.19

0.04

0.14

 
 

% lifted out by federal taxes

0.27

0.07

0.00

0.08

 
   
 

Percentage point reduction in poverty rate

 
 

Due to social insurance

0.01

0.01

0.02

0.01

 
 

Due to Social Security

0.01

0.02

0.36

0.06

 
 

Due to cash assistance to poor

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

 
 

Due to food and housing benefits

0.02

0.01

0.02

0.01

 
 

Due to federal taxes

0.02

0.00

0.00

0.01

 
 

Total all government programs

0.07

0.05

0.40

0.10

 
 

 

 

 

Table A-12
Effect of Social Security on Poverty
Elderly Persons
Selected Years, 1979-97
        1979 1983 1989 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997  

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total population (thousands)

24,194

26,313

29,094

30,779

31,267

31,658

31,877

32,082

                         

Number in poverty (thousands):

 

Before government programs

   

13,120

13,253

13,853

15,640

16,256

15,810

15,977

15,748

 

After social insurance programs

4,202

4,095

3,934

4,270

4,114

3,722

3,905

3,831

 

After all government programs

   

3,276

3,177

2,841

3,159

3,062

2,838

2,943

2,876

 
 

Poverty Rate (in percent):

                     

Before government programs

1

1

0

1

1

0

1

0

 

After social insurance programs

   

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

 

After all government programs

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

 

 

                     
Number lifted out of poverty
 

By social insurance programs

   

8,918

9,158

9,919

11,370

12,142

12,088

12,072

11,917

 

By all government programs

9,844

10,076

11,012

12,481

13,194

12,972

13,034

12,878

 

 

                     
Percent of individuals removed from poverty:
 

By social insurance programs

   

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

 

By all government programs

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

 

 

                     
Proportion of poverty reduction due to:
 

Social insurance

   

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

 
  Percentage point reduction in poverty rate                      

Due to social insurance

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

 

Due to all government programs

   

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

 

 

 

Table A-13
Effect of Social Security on Poverty
Elderly Persons, by Race, 1997
   

White Non-Hispanic

Black Non-Hispanic

Hispanic

All Elderly

 
 

Total population (thousands)

191,859.00

33,631.00

30,637.00

266,840.00

 
     

 

     
 

Number in poverty (thousands)

 

 

     
 

Before government programs

12,903.00

1,626.00

912.00

15,748.00

 
 

After social insurance programs

12,502.00

1,583.00

888.00

15,279.00

 
 

After Social Security

2,448.00

771.00

455.00

3,831.00

 
 

After all government programs

1,902.00

586.00

303.00

2,876.00

 
   

 

 

 

 

 
 

Poverty rate

 

 

 

 

 
 

Before government programs

0.48

0.62

0.56

0.49

 
 

After social insurance programs

0.46

0.60

0.55

0.48

 
 

After Social Security

0.09

0.29

0.28

0.12

 
 

After all government programs

0.07

0.22

0.19

0.09

 
   

 

 

     
 

Number lifted out of poverty (thousands)

 

 

     
 

By social insurance programs

401.00

43.00

24.00

469.00

 
 

By Social Security

10,054.00

812.00

433.00

11,448.00

 
 

By all government programs

11,007.00

1,040.00

609.00

12,872.00

 
     
 

Percent lifted out of poverty

 
 

By social insurance programs

0.03

0.03

0.03

0.03

 
 

By Social Security

0.78

0.50

0.47

0.73

 
 

By all government programs

0.85

0.64

0.67

0.82

 
     
 

Of those lifted out of poverty by gov programs

 
 

% lifted out by social insurance

0.04

0.04

0.04

0.04

 
 

% lifted out by Social Security

0.91

0.78

0.71

0.89

 
     
 

Percentage point reduction in poverty rate

 
 

Due to social insurance

0.01

0.02

0.01

0.02

 
 

Due to Social Security

0.37

0.31

0.27

0.36

 
 

Due to all government programs

0.41

0.39

0.38

0.40

 

Note: Columns will not add to total because table does not include other races.

 

 

Table A-14
Effect of Social Security on Poverty
Elderly Persons, by Sex, 1997
   

Women

Men

All Elderly

 

Total population (thousands)

18,558

13,524

32,082

 

% of total

1

0

1

 
 

Number in poverty (thousands)

       

Before government programs

10,009

5,739

15,748

 

After social insurance programs

9,765

5,514

15,279

 

After Social Security

2,726

1,105

3,831

  After all government programs

2,021

855

2,876

 
 

Poverty rate

 

 

 

 

Before government programs

1

0

0

 

After social insurance programs

1

0

0

 

After Social Security

0

0

0

 

After all government programs

0

0

0

 
 

Number lifted out of poverty (thousands)

 

 

   

By social insurance programs

244

225

469

 

By Social Security

7,039

4,409

11,448

 

By all government programs

7,988

4,884

12,872

 

 

 

 

 

 

Percent lifted out of poverty

 

By social insurance programs

0

0

0

 
By Social Security

1

1

1

 

By all government programs

1

1

1

 
 

Of those lifted out of poverty by gov programs

 

 

 

 

% lifted out by social insurance

0

0

0

 

% lifted out by Social Security

1

1

1

 
 

Percentage point reduction in poverty rate

 

 

 

 

Due to social insurance

0

0

0

 

Due to Social Security

0

0

0

 

Due to all government programs

0

0

0

 

 

 

     

 

Table A-15
Effect of Social Security on Poverty
Elderly Women, by Marital Status
Average 1995-1997
   

Married

Widows

Other

All

 
 

Total population (thousands)

7,451.67

8,515.33

2,509.67

18,476.67

 
 

% of total

0.40

0.46

0.14

1.00

 
   
 

Number in poverty (thousands)

 
 

Before government programs

3,253.33

5,413.33

1,442.67

10,109.33

 
 

After social insurance programs

3,144.00

5,289.00

1,424.00

9,857.00

 
 

After Social Security

359.33

1,726.67

677.33

2,763.33

 
 

After all government programs

282.33

1,335.33

466.00

2,083.67

 
   
 

Poverty rate

 
 

Before government programs

0.44

0.64

0.57

0.55

 
 

After social insurance programs

0.42

0.62

0.57

0.53

 
 

After Social Security

0.05

0.20

0.27

0.15

 
 

After all government programs

0.04

0.16

0.19

0.11

 
   
 

Number lifted out of poverty (thousands)

 
 

By social insurance programs

109.33

124.33

18.67

252.33

 
 

By Social Security

2,784.67

3,562.33

746.67

7,093.67

 
 

By all government programs

2,971.00

4,078.00

976.67

8,025.67

 
   
 

Percent lifted out of poverty

 
 

By social insurance programs

0.03

0.02

0.01

0.02

 
 

By Social Security

0.86

0.66

0.52

0.70

 
 

By all government programs

0.91

0.75

0.68

0.79

 
   
 

Of those lifted out of poverty by gov programs

 
 

% lifted out by social insurance

0.04

0.03

0.02

0.03

 
 

% lifted out by Social Security

0.94

0.87

0.76

0.88

 
   
 

Percentage point reduction in poverty rate

 
 

Due to social insurance

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

 
 

Due to Social Security

0.37

0.42

0.30

0.38

 
 

Due to all government programs

0.40

0.48

0.39

0.43

 

 

 

 

Table A-16
Effect of Social Security on Poverty
Elderly Women, by Age
Average 1995-1997
   

Age 65-75

Age 75-85

Age 85+

 

Total population (thousands)

9,956

6,598

1,923

 

 

       

Number in poverty (thousands)

 

Before government programs

4,717

4,114

1,279

 

After social insurance programs

4,580

4,023

1,255

 

After Social Security

1,269

1,098

396

 

After all government programs

934

847

303

           

Poverty rate

 

Before government programs

0

1

1

 

After social insurance programs

0

1

1

 

After Social Security

0

0

0

 

After all government programs

0

0

0

 

 

       

Number lifted out of poverty (thousands)

 

By social insurance programs

137

91

24

 

By Social Security

3,311

2,925

859

 

By all government programs

3,783

3,267

976

 
 

Percent lifted out of poverty

       

By social insurance programs

0

0

0

 

By Social Security

1

1

1

 
By all government programs

1

1

1

 

 

       

Of those lifted out of poverty by gov programs

 

% lifted out by social insurance

0

0

0

 

% lifted out by Social Security

1

1

1

           

Percentage point reduction in poverty rate

 

Due to social insurance

0

0

0

 

Due to Social Security

0

0

0

 

Due to all government programs

0

0

1

 

 

 

Table A-17
Effect of Social Security on Poverty
Elderly Women, by Marital Status and Age
Average 1995-1997
   

Married women

 

Widows

 
   

Age 65-75

Age 75+

 

Age 65-75

Age 75+

 
   
 

Total population (thousands)

5,183.00

2,269.00

3,250.00

5,265.00

 
 

Percent of population in age category

0.52

0.27

0.33

0.62

 
   
 

Number in poverty (thousands)

 
 

Before government programs

2,042.00

1,211.00

1,856.00

3,557.00

 
 

After social insurance programs

1,967.00

1,177.00

1,806.00

3,483.00

 
 

After Social Security

245.00

114.00

623.00

1,104.00

 
 

After all government programs

191.00

91.00

474.00

861.00

 
   
 

Poverty rate

 
 

Before government programs

0.39

0.53

0.57

0.68

 
 

After social insurance programs

0.38

0.52

0.56

0.66

 
 

After Social Security

0.05

0.05

0.19

0.21

 
  After all government programs

0.04

0.04

0.15

0.16

 
   
 

Number lifted out of poverty (thousands)

 
 

By social insurance programs

75.00

34.00

50.00

74.00

 
 

By Social Security

1,722.00

1,063.00

1,183.00

2,379.00

 
 

By all government programs

1,851.00

1,120.00

1,382.00

2,696.00

 
   
 

Percent lifted out of poverty

 
 

By social insurance programs

0.04

0.03

0.03

0.02

 
 

By Social Security

0.84

0.88

0.64

0.67

 
 

By all government programs

0.91

0.92

0.74

0.76

 
   
 

Of those lifted out of poverty by gov programs

 
 

% lifted out by social insurance

0.04

0.03

0.04

0.03

 
 

% lifted out by Social Security

0.93

0.95

0.86

0.88

 
   
 

Percentage point reduction in poverty rate

 
 

Due to social insurance

0.01

0.02

0.02

0.01

 
 

Due to Social Security

0.33

0.47

0.36

0.45

 
 

Due to all government programs

0.36

0.49

0.42

0.51

 
 

 

 

Table A-18
Effect of Safety Net Programs on Poverty Gap
All Persons, by Age, 1997
   

Children

Non-Elderly Adults

Elderly

All ages

 

Aggregate poverty gap (billions)

 

Before government programs

42

90

73

206

 
After social insurance programs

35

64

10

109

  After cash assistance to poor

28

51

7

86

 

After food and housing benefits

19

44

6

69

 

After federal taxes

17

43

6

66

 
 

Reduction in poverty gap (billions)

 

 

 

   

By social insurance programs

7

26

64

97

  By cash assistance to poor

8

13

3

23

 

By food and housing benefits

8

8

1

17

 

By federal taxes

2

1

0

3

 
Total all government programs

25

48

67

140

 

 

 

       

Percent of poverty gap closed

 

By social insurance programs

0

0

1

0

 

By cash assistance to poor

0

0

0

0

 

By food and housing benefits

0

0

0

0

 

By federal taxes

0

0

0

0

 

Total all government programs

1

1

1

1

 
  Of all poverty gap closed

 

 

 

 

 

% closed by social insurance

0

1

1

1

 

% closed by cash assistance to poor

0

0

0

0

 

% closed by food and housing benefits

0

0

0

0

 

% closed by federal taxes

0

0

0

0

 

 

 

Table A-19
Effect of Social Security on Poverty Gap
Elderly Persons, by Race, 1997
 

 

White Non-Hispanic Black Non-Hispanic Hispanic  
  Aggregate poverty gap (billions)  
 

Before government programs

58.89

8.58

4.41

 
 

After social insurance programs

56.29

8.32

4.25

 
 

After Social Security

5.99

1.96

1.24

 
 

After all government programs

4.13

1.13

0.55

 
   
 

Reduction in poverty gap (billions)

 
 

By social insurance programs

2.60

0.26

0.16

 
 

By Social Security

50.29

6.36

3.01

 
 

By all government programs

54.76

7.45

3.86

 
   
 

Percent of poverty gap closed

 
 

By social insurance programs

0.04

0.03

0.04

 
 

By Social Security

0.85

0.74

0.68

 
 

By all government programs

0.93

0.87

0.87

 
   
 

Of all poverty gap closed

 
 

% closed by social insurance

0.05

0.04

0.04

 
 

% closed by Social Security

0.92

0.85

0.78

 
 

 

 

Table A-20
Effect of Social Security on Poverty Gap
Elderly Persons, by Sex, 1997
 

 

Women

Men

All elderly

 
           
 

Aggregate poverty gap (billions)

       

Before government programs

50

24

73

 

After social insurance programs

48

22

70

 
After Social Security

7

3

10

 

After all government programs

4

2

6

 
 

Reduction in poverty gap (billions)

       

By social insurance programs

2

1

3

 

By Social Security

41

19

60

 

By all government programs

45

22

67

 

 

       

Percent of poverty gap closed

 

By social insurance programs

0

0

0

 
By Social Security

1

1

1

 

By all government programs

1

1

1

 
 

Of all poverty gap closed

       

% closed by social insurance

0

0

0

 

% closed by Social Security

1

1

1

 

 


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